Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) remains a therapeutic challenge, particularly in patients who develop resistance to standard tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) like imatinib. This study introduces martinostat, a potent pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor ...
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) remains a therapeutic challenge, particularly in patients who develop resistance to standard tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) like imatinib. This study introduces martinostat, a potent pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), as a promising approach to overcome TKI resistance in CML. Martinostat demonstrated high binding affinity across HDAC isoenzymes and effectively induced hyperacetylation of histone and α-tubulin in both imatinib-sensitive and -resistant CML cells, outperforming the clinically-used HDACi vorinostat. It selectively impaired CML cell proliferation and viability and induced apoptosis across various CML models, including resistant cell models and patient blasts with minimal toxicity to healthy cells and low developmental toxicity in zebrafish. In addition to single-agent efficacy, martinostat showed enhanced anticancer effects when combined with imatinib, both in vitro and in vivo, significantly reducing tumor growth in resistant CML xenograft models. Mechanistically, martinostat disrupted signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)5 signaling and promoted the release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), amplifying apoptotic pathways. These findings emphasize martinostat's potential as a selective, low-toxicity HDACi that, when combined with TKIs, could offer a robust strategy to counteract drug resistance in CML and improve patient outcomes.