Recent research on the synthesis of two-dimensional materials using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) has highlighted its potential to achieve scalable and uniform film growth, offering precise precursor control and compatibility with se...
Recent research on the synthesis of two-dimensional materials using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) has highlighted its potential to achieve scalable and uniform film growth, offering precise precursor control and compatibility with semiconductor processes. However, challenges remain in achieving precise layer-by-layer growth and avoiding contamination originated from by-products or promoters.
In this study, we systematically investigated the growth mechanisms and promoter effects in the MOCVD synthesis of MoS2 thin films, with a particular focus on the role of H2O. A multi-step growth strategy was developed to enable layer-by-layer control, separating nucleation and lateral growth steps and optimizing precursor supply conditions for each step. This approach facilitated the successful synthesis of large-area monolayer and few-layer MoS2 films with high crystallinity and uniformity on 4-inch c-plane sapphire substrates.
Furthermore, we demonstrated that introducing H2O effectively enhances lateral growth and significantly increases grain size even in carbon by-product free growth conditions, demonstrating that H2O acts not only as an oxidizing agent but also as an active growth promoter. Residual gas analysis confirmed that H2O promotes the decomposition of Mo(CO)6, thereby increasing the supply of reactive Mo species. Additionally, first-principles density functional theory calculations revealed that H2O reduces the reaction barrier for MoS2 cluster formation, and the adsorption energy of H2S on Mo adatoms at MoS2 edges.
This comprehensive approach provides fundamental insights into the synergistic effects of precursor decomposition, surface energy modification, and reaction barrier reduction. The findings offer practical guidelines for the scalable and contamination-free synthesis of high-quality MoS2 films, paving the way for their integration into next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices.