This dissertation explores the mechanistic understanding, synthetic optimization, and practical applications of visible-light-mediated controlled radical polymerization (CRP), with a focus on catalyst-free photoiniferter RAFT and full-spectrum PET-RAF...
This dissertation explores the mechanistic understanding, synthetic optimization, and practical applications of visible-light-mediated controlled radical polymerization (CRP), with a focus on catalyst-free photoiniferter RAFT and full-spectrum PET-RAFT systems. Integrating quantum photophysics, polymer engineering, and materials science, this work advances both fundamental knowledge and industrial applicability of light-driven polymer chemistry.
In the first part, we developed silver sulfide nanocrystals (Ag2S NCs) as full-spectrum photocatalysts for PET-RAFT polymerization. These nanocrystals enabled efficient and oxygen-tolerant polymerization of various (meth)acrylates under red, green, and blue LEDs as well as sunlight. Polymerizations conducted in aqueous and biological media confirmed the biocompatibility of Ag2S NCs and demonstrated their suitability for environmentally friendly and biomedical applications.
The second part of the thesis investigates the mechanistic basis of photoiniferter RAFT polymerization. Quantum chemical calculations revealed that C-S bond photolysis proceeds through a conical intersection (CI) that acts as an activation barrier. Differences in CI energetics explained the poor reactivity of methyl acrylate (MA) with certain CTAs and guided the selection of light wavelength and temperature to enhance radical generation. Using these insights, we achieved fast and controlled polymerization of acrylates and methacrylates with near-Poisson dispersity and high end-group fidelity. Implementation in a flow reactor further reduced reaction times to under 30 minutes while maintaining excellent control.
In the final section, the well-defined α,ω-hydroxyl-terminated polyacrylates synthesized via photoiniferter RAFT were utilized as soft segments in the design of functional thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomers. Incorporating small amounts of polyacrylate polyols into PTMEG-based TPUs led to significant improvements in mechanical toughness and self-healing performance. These TPUs exhibited excellent stress redistribution, phase-separated morphologies, and photo-patternability. The resulting materials are promising candidates for next-generation soft robotics, wearable electronics, and adaptive coatings.
Altogether, this work establishes a cohesive platform that bridges photochemical mechanism, polymer synthesis, and functional material development, laying the groundwork for scalable, sustainable, and smart polymer systems.