Excessive dietary crude protein (CP) leads to nitrogen waste and imposes stress on both weaning pigs and the environment. In Korea, early-weaning diets are routinely formulated with higher CP levels than late-weaning diets. To validate this common pra...
Excessive dietary crude protein (CP) leads to nitrogen waste and imposes stress on both weaning pigs and the environment. In Korea, early-weaning diets are routinely formulated with higher CP levels than late-weaning diets. To validate this common practice, this study was conducted to evaluate the impact of various CP levels on growth performance, blood profiles, hepatic enzymes, nitrogen metabolism, and serum minerals, under the hypothesis that lowering CP levels in early-weaning diets would not negatively affect piglet performance or health. A total of 160 weaning pigs (Yorkshire × Landrace × Duroc) with an average initial body weight of 6.89 ± 0.233 kg were allocated to four dietary treatments (17%, 16%, 15%, and 14% CP in the early-weaning phase) using a randomized complete block design. All pigs received same diet containing 17% CP during the late-weaning phase. The results showed that average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) decreased with the reduction in dietary CP during the early-weaning period, resulting in a linear decrease in overall ADG and lower early-weaning phase G:F in the 15% and 14% CP groups compared to the other two groups (Lin, p=0.02; p<0.01; p<0.01; ANOVA, p<0.01). But no significant difference was observed between the 17% and 16% CP groups at every time points. Furthermore, pigs fed diets containing 16% or 15% CP showed a lower incidence of diarrhea compared to those fed the 17% CP diet. Blood biochemical analyses revealed that total cholesterol and total protein concentrations decreased in response to lower dietary CP levels on day 14 (Lin, p=0.02; p<0.01). Notably, serum γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), a marker of oxidative stress, also decreased linearly as dietary CP levels declined on same day (p<0.01), suggesting a potential stress-alleviating effect of low-CP diets. Meanwhile, linear reductions in plasma concentrations of Ca, P, and Na were also observed in the early-weaning phase, yet all values remained within reference intervals, indicating no adverse effects on mineral homeostasis (Lin, p=0.01; p<0.01; p=0.01). Moreover, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels remained stable, further confirming that neither renal function nor protein metabolism were impaired by dietary CP reduction. Collectively, these results indicate that lowering dietary CP levels to 16% in early-weaning diets does not impair growth performance or nutrient metabolism, while potentially mitigating weaning-associated oxidative stress.