As the manufacturing industry rapidly transitions into an era of mass customization, companies face growing challenges in simultaneously expanding their product portfolios and integrating emerging technologies such as AI, the Internet of Things, and a...
As the manufacturing industry rapidly transitions into an era of mass customization, companies face growing challenges in simultaneously expanding their product portfolios and integrating emerging technologies such as AI, the Internet of Things, and advanced materials. This simultaneous evolution of market demands and technological capabilities has substantially increased process complexity throughout the product life cycle, necessitating more effective modularization strategies. Modularization can be fundamentally categorized into product modularization and process modularization. Product modularization, primarily implemented in the development phase, enables efficient product variety by creating and reusing independent functional module variants. Meanwhile, process modularization, focused on operational phases such as maintenance, reduces complexity by grouping tasks for components that share common procedures. However, well-designed modules alone do not guarantee the full realization of their potential benefits. While previous research has primarily focused on ‘how to modularize,’ maximizing these benefits requires strategic approaches tailored to each phase’s unique objectives and challenges. Accordingly, this thesis proposes three strategies to optimize modularization in both the development and maintenance phases.
First, to address the issue that the benefits of modularization are not fully realized in the product development stage due to the absence of a systematic module differentiation process, this research proposes the Variant Mode and Effects Analysis (VMEA) framework. Currently, module variants are often created in response to immediate requirements, without systematic evaluation or documentation process. This approach increases management complexity and hinders transparency regarding functional differences among variants, ultimately limiting reuse opportunities. Therefore, drawing on Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) concepts, this study establishes a module differentiation process that systematically analyzes and documents key variant characteristics—including differentiation modes, causes, and resulting effects. By enhancing variant traceability and expanding reuse opportunities, the proposed framework seeks to minimize development complexity while ensuring product variety, thereby realizing the core value of modularization in the development phase.
Second, to resolve the limited opportunities for group maintenance caused by a passive approach in the maintenance phase, this research proposes a condition-based mission assignment strategy. Although group maintenance requires maintenance schedules to be aligned for components sharing the same processes, synchronization is difficult when different maintenance policies are applied. Currently, a passive reliance on coincidental schedule overlap often results in missed group maintenance opportunities. Therefore, this study actively aligns maintenance schedules by strategically assigning mission severity based on each component’s condition, thereby controlling deterioration rates. Furthermore, in fleet operations, assigning missions at the individual product level can create an imbalance of maintenance schedules across the fleet, potentially leading to capacity overload. To address this, the study introduces two operational state indicators—intra-system balance and inter-system balance. Guided by these indicators, the proposed two-phase mission assignment rule optimizes both group maintenance opportunities and overall fleet operational efficiency within maintenance capacity constraints.
Third, to address the underutilization of group maintenance opportunities caused by maintenance responsibility being distributed without prior consideration of group maintenance potential in multi-facility environments, this thesis proposes an extended Level of Repair Analysis (LORA) framework. Although LORA is a key decision-making tool for determining maintenance units and locations at the operational planning stage, synergy opportunities among components that share common maintenance processes often go unrecognized. Consequently, even components that qualify as ideal candidates for group maintenance often end up being serviced at different locations, thereby failing to realize the benefits of modularization. Therefore, this study systematically identifies group maintenance opportunities by evaluating two key factors—the degree of shared processes and simultaneous failure likelihood—and integrates these into a life cycle cost model to derive optimal maintenance-level decisions. This approach reduces long-term maintenance costs and maximizes operational efficiency in distributed maintenance settings.
The effectiveness of these three strategies has been validated through case studies involving automobiles, manufacturing equipment, and aircraft. By extending the focus from ‘how to modularize’ to ‘how to effectively leverage modular structures,’ this research advances both the theoretical understanding of modularization and its practical implementation. Through systematic approaches to realizing modularization benefits in both development and maintenance phases, this research contributes to academic discourse while providing practical guidelines for organizations seeking to maximize the value of modular structures in real-world operations.