Wi-Fi, standardized under IEEE 802.11, has become an essential component of modern connectivity due to its cost-effective deployment and widespread adoption. As user demand has evolved from higher data rates to consistent and efficient performance—e...
Wi-Fi, standardized under IEEE 802.11, has become an essential component of modern connectivity due to its cost-effective deployment and widespread adoption. As user demand has evolved from higher data rates to consistent and efficient performance—especially in dense environments—recent standards have introduced features like multi-link operation (MLO) and multi-user orthogonal frequency division multiple access (MU-OFDMA). These features aim to address the growing need for high throughput and low latency in congested wireless local area networks (WLANs). However, the practical realization of these features is often hampered by interference, legacy device coexistence, and hardware limitations.
This dissertation focuses on enhancing the performance and reliability of next-generation WLANs through practical strategies. Specifically, the study tackles three key challenges that limit the full potential of MLO and MU-OFDMA in real-world deployments: (i) Unfair channel access opportunities in non-simultaneous transmit and receive (NSTR) MLDs caused by in-device cross-link interference (IDC), (ii) the observation that MLD-capable devices often achieve lower throughput than conventional single-link 2×2 MIMO, despite having access to multiple links, and (iii) the failure of the MU-RTS/CTS mechanism to operate as originally intended, particularly in identifying responsive STAs in MU-OFDMA scenarios. To address these challenges, this dissertation presents the following solutions. First, to mitigate the access unfairness caused by IDC in NSTR MLDs, we develop a contention window adaptation mechanism based on a Markov chain-derived analytical model. This mechanism compensates for the reduced channel access probability and restores fairness when coexisting with legacy devices. The validity of the analytical model is confirmed through simulation, demonstrating that the proposed adaptation enables MLDs to achieve performance comparable to legacy STAs on both links. Second, although enhanced multi-link single radio (EMLSR) was originally introduced in the IEEE 802.11be standard to reduce implementation cost, it also serves as a practical strategy for improving throughput under real-world constraints. Building on this existing mechanism, we propose a standard-compliant enhancement that alleviates the impact of RF chain switching delays, enabling efficient and reliable utilization of MLO capabilities. Lastly, we formulate the problem of identifying CTS responses to an MU-RTS as separation of CTS channel state information (CSI) into individual STA components, and transform it into a sparse signal recovery problem based on compressive sensing. This method enables the AP to accurately identify the set of responding STAs without altering the standard frame format.
In summary, this dissertation addresses key challenges in deploying MLO and MU-OFDMA in real-world WLANs, including unfair channel access in NSTR MLDs, the limited throughput gains of MLO-capable devices compared to single-link 2×2 MIMO, and unreliable MU-RTS/CTS operation. We propose a contention window adaptation mechanism for NSTR MLDs, refine EMLSR to alleviate the impact of RF chain switching delays, and introduce a CSI-based CTS identification method. These solutions enable more reliable and efficient use of next-generation Wi-Fi features without requiring modifications to existing standards.