The Second Lancet Commission on Adolescent Health report published in 2025 emphasized the need to focus on the health vulnerabilities of adolescents excluded from social safety nets. Out-of-school youth can be viewed as a vulnerable group that has dep...
The Second Lancet Commission on Adolescent Health report published in 2025 emphasized the need to focus on the health vulnerabilities of adolescents excluded from social safety nets. Out-of-school youth can be viewed as a vulnerable group that has departed from the institutional protection system of schools. The scale of out-of-school youth aged 6-17 in Korea reaches approximately 166,000, and this number is estimated to be even larger when including those aged 18 and above. According to recent surveys, 44% of these youth experience food insecurity due to economic reasons, and 50.7% substitute meals with convenience foods. However, research on their dietary experiences and meal support service experiences from the perspective of the youth themselves remains insufficient. This study aimed to explore the dietary experiences of out-of-school youth within the context of their daily lives and to identify the experiences and limitations of current meal support services to seek directions for future policy improvements.
This study selected Seoul Metropolitan City as the research site, where the largest population of out-of-school youth is concentrated, along with high-density food environments and concentrated support services for out-of-school youth. In-depth interviews and preliminary surveys were conducted with 12 out-of-school youth aged 16-24 residing in Seoul from October 2024 to March 2025, with participants recruited through online and offline channels. The collected interview data were analyzed using comprehensive qualitative analysis methods.
The research findings revealed that out-of-school youth experienced contrasting experiences after leaving school. The disappearance of fixed schedules led to the collapse of daily routines, disrupted sleep patterns and regularity, with meals being pushed to lower priorities and the burden of having to decide every meal independently. Conversely, some cases emerged where youth gained new awareness of the importance of regular life rhythms and meals through this confusion, and instances of recovering healthy lifestyles after escaping excessive academic stress were also observed.
The dietary patterns of these youth could not be explained by individual choices alone. Patterns such as meals pushed aside by work, food choices made within convenience and preference-centered food culture, and meals that varied according to accompanying relationships emerged, with irregular youth labor environments, Seoul's high-density food environment and commercial determinants of health, and changes in family and social relationships directly influencing their food choices and eating patterns.
For participants, dietary life functioned as a means of finding joy and compensation in life, but also became a turning point for developing health awareness through physical changes such as weight gain or poor physical condition resulting from irregular eating habits. While participants recognized the necessity of healthy eating habits, they experienced a gap between awareness and practice, believing they had no immediate serious health problems or lacked the capacity to implement healthy practices.
Analysis of current meal support service experiences for out-of-school youth confirmed that a single meal support played a role in restoring daily order. Meal support contributed positively to restoring daily order, forming social relationships, and emotional stability beyond nutritional provision. However, the limitations of current support systems were also revealed through "gaps in reality that institutions failed to fill" and "barriers encountered at service thresholds." Major constraints included adverse effects of cash-based support, service disparities between centers, and access barriers due to social stigma.
These research findings suggest that the dietary life of out-of-school youth should be understood as an experience closely connected to the reconstruction of daily life after dropping out. Considering the complex factors affecting their dietary life and the limitations of current support systems, an approach that comprehensively considers individual youth's life contexts and social conditions is necessary. Particularly important is the establishment of participatory governance systems that enable youth to actively express their opinions on policy and service improvements they need, and the continuous exploration of multi-level intervention strategies that include environmental improvements to offset the influence of commercial determinants of health.