This thesis is an ethnographic study of contemporary Korean evangelical missionaries, focusing on how these religious migrants who leave their home country in pursuit of a spiritual ideal construct their lives and migratory experiences as meaningful. ...
This thesis is an ethnographic study of contemporary Korean evangelical missionaries, focusing on how these religious migrants who leave their home country in pursuit of a spiritual ideal construct their lives and migratory experiences as meaningful. Mission, said to be grounded in specific biblical passages such as “Go and make disciples of all nations”(Matthew 28:19), is one of the core doctrines of Christianity, regarded as the ultimate calling for Christians worldwide. However, regardless of its doctrinal significance, living as a missionary in the real world entails significant risks and hardships. Like many other migrants, missionaries must invest considerable effort in adapting to unfamiliar environments, and often face structural constraints that prevent them from fully devoting themselves to mission work or expressing their missionary identity. They continually struggle with doubts and a sense of helplessness, questioning why they have come so far in the first place.
Building upon this background, the present study traces the step-by-step process through which missionaries emerge within the context of contemporary Korea and undertake their decision, preparation, and eventual departure to the mission field. It analyzes how each stage gains meaning through narratives articulated in the faith-based language of insiders. Based on in-depth interviews, the findings suggest that entry into the migratory journey of mission is shaped by a complex interplay of maco-level religious discourses and micro-level interpersonal interactions. Research participants aspired to enhance the value of their own lives by contributing to the collective evangelical goal of world evangelization, a central aspiration shared among evangelical youth. This core desire eventually translated into a concrete aspiration for migration. Furthermore, ‘missionary calling testimony,’ a genre of insider religious discourse, served a performative function by attributing individual aspirations for mission to a transcendent agent(God), thus imbuing them with divine legitimacy through rhetorical means.
Responses to the questions “Why do I want to go to the mission field?” and “With what perspective and attitude will I go?” is (re)produced through repetitive collective practices within missionary communities composed of others in similar positions. Global Missionary Training Center(GMTC), where the fieldwork was conducted, is a place in which many experienced and novice missionaries live together for several months to prepare for their future mission journeys. A large portion of interaction during training consists of sharing personal experiences related to mission work. Throughout the training program, narratives of failure and disappointment on the mission field are consistently accumulated and circulated within the center. Paradoxically, it is through these negative stories that trainees come to form their own hopes and aspirations for future mission. Moreover, by accepting the discourse that “God is the true agent of mission” and voluntarily positioning themselves as passive instruments in God’s plan, trainees undergo an epistemological shift that enables them to preemptively construct a framework for reinterpreting both past failures and anticipated hardships in a positive light.
Upon completing their training and embarking on actual migration to mission fields, participants encounter real-life constraints and structural pressures that prevent them from moving where, when, and how they would prefer, leading to feelings of helplessness. This sense of helplessness deepens after arrival, as their capacity to contribute to the host society remains limited. In response, they reaffirm their sense of purpose by maintaining connections with their homeland through narrative forms such as ‘missionary letters,’ which help justify their continued presence in the mission field. Above all, religious practices such as prayer, repeated throughout the migratory process, serve as a means by which participants reinterpret their journey as a spiritual discipline necessary for their own growth and transformation.
By offering an ethnographic account of migration process of Korean missionaries as religious migrants, this study reveals that intrinsic values such as spiritual ideals serve as key drivers that motivate and sustain long-distance migration. Moreover, by focusing on the linguistic practices(narratives) and religious agency inherent in this process, the study demonstrates that missionary migration is not merely an expression of devout Christian faith, but rather a complex and dynamic cultural process where migration, religion, and narratives intersect. In conclusion, based on the case of Korean missionaries, this research holds significance as an ethnographic study that presents new understandings and research possibilities regarding religious migration, an area that has been relatively overlooked in anthropology and migration studies.