This paper examines how the introduction of smart devices has reconfigured the practices and meanings of elder care, focusing on the case of ‘S welfare center (for older adults)’ located in Seoul. Rather than viewing technology as a mere tool for ...
This paper examines how the introduction of smart devices has reconfigured the practices and meanings of elder care, focusing on the case of ‘S welfare center (for older adults)’ located in Seoul. Rather than viewing technology as a mere tool for efficiency, this study analyzes it from the perspective of a care network formed through the interactions of human and non-human actors. Within this network, older adults are newly addressed and their subjectivities reconstituted.
In South Korea, digital care has developed against the backdrop of the shortage of care workers, the digital alienation among older adults, and the accelerated digital transformation following the COVID-19 pandemic. While various government ministries have promoted policies aimed at supplementing existing care systems or enhancing individual digital competencies, a technocentric approach and the lack of inter-ministerial coordination have revealed limitations in the actual uptake and sustainability of such efforts. These issues point to the urgent need for a critical policy evaluation closely aligned with the life contexts of the older adults.
In this context, this study illuminates the lived experiences of the older adults at ‘S welfare center’, where smart devices are introduced with support from the Seoul metropolitan government, and examines how a care network was formed through these devices. This new ‘smart care network’ comprises Seoul metropolitan government, welfare center staffs, older adults, student volunteers, and smart devices. This network reveals three key characteristics: ‘a space of fun and enjoyment,’ ‘a venue for emotional conflict resolution,’ and ‘a system of individualized care.’ Within this network, the older adults and smart devices exhibit a particularly prominent presence, creating moments where they interact and, at times, function as a single, integrated subject difficult to separate. Therefore, the smart care network can be understood as a site where the older adults and technology form a ‘hybrid relationship/entity,’ a space where the boundaries between human and non-human actors are readjusted and reconfigured. Technology functions not merely as a tool but as an affective agent that elicits emotional responses from the older adults and mediates their practices.
Furthermore, within the smart care network, the older adults become performative subjects via their interactions with technology. While dominant digital discourses have portrayed the older adults as passive and deficient, the older adults at S welfare center strategically embraced and appropriated such narratives to reconstruct their own identities. Through repetitive practices, they gradually acquire membership at three levels: as members of the welfare center, as citizens of the nation, and as participants in the digital society. This form of membership is constituted through interactions not only with other humans but also with non-human actors like technology, thereby challenging conventional notions of personhood. Moreover, older adults’ relationships with devices foster affective responses and identity reconfiguration that go beyond a mere sense of inclusion, enabling them to emerge as affective subjects.
Ultimately, the smart care network represents a field where the older adults and technology mutually constitute each other. Here, technology functions as an extension of the aging body and a catalyst for affect, and care is reconfigured through the entangled, hybrid relationships of human and non-human actors. This study thus provides a new horizon for re-examining the conditions of personhood, subjectivity, and the ethical possibilities of elder care in the digital age.