After COVID-19, the delivery market has grown rapidly, and most restaurants have now entered the delivery platform, and the proportion of delivery sales to total sales has also increased significantly compared to the previous one. This means that anal...
After COVID-19, the delivery market has grown rapidly, and most restaurants have now entered the delivery platform, and the proportion of delivery sales to total sales has also increased significantly compared to the previous one. This means that analysis of delivery sales as well as analysis of offline sales is important in commercial district analysis, which is a very important field in urban planning. Although delivery sales are made through orders that occur online through delivery platforms, delivery services are possible within a very limited area due to factors such as delivery cost and delivery time depending on delivery distance. Therefore, since the impact of locations of branches and consumers on delivery sales is still very large, delivery sales are still included within the area of commercial district analysis, and in-depth analysis and prediction of delivery sales are required for proper commercial district analysis. However, most of the existing studies related to delivery sales have analyzed the impact of delivery sales on overall sales and consumer perception on delivery sales, and few have analyzed the spatial and geographical impact on delivery sales.
The delivery platform can be seen as a representative O2O (Online to Offline) service, but it has a unique aspect compared to other O2O services, so it can be seen as a topic that must be dealt with sufficiently importantly in urban planning. First, the delivery platform is one of the examples of a representative double-sided market, and the increase in the seller group increases the utility of the consumer group. In addition, consumers can not only trade with all sellers who enter the delivery platform, but only with sellers located within a limited range. Therefore, it can still be guessed that the location attributes of consumers and sellers have a great influence on delivery sales.
In addition, since the delivery platform is basically a kind of O2O service, actual transactions occur in a digital space, not in a physical space. Due to this, there is a possibility that the effects of branch location or accumulation will affect in a different way from general offline sales. In a digital space, no matter how many branches are entered, the screen or exposure structure does not change, and the given space is very limited, so fierce competition among sellers occurs within the service. In other words, a large number of seller consumers does not increase sales, but rather a congestion effect that reduces the marginal utility of the two groups. Also, in the digital space, the Matthew effect occurs in which points that are already in an advantageous position continue to gain the upper hand, and it is difficult for new branches or low-capital branches to survive competition with existing sellers or franchises with a lot of capital. As a result, the location of the seller and the consumer is very important for a transaction between the seller and the consumer on a delivery platform, which in turn determines the actual physical location of the competitiveness in the digital space. In other words, the location characteristics of the actual seller determine the congestion effect, Matthew effect, and priority in the digital space.
In addition, services that connect real and digital spaces such as O2O services in various fields and smart cities are growing. In order to properly measure their economic policy effects and derive efficient policies, research on the relationship between real space and digital space and the congestion effect occurring within the two spaces should be conducted, and this study on the delivery platform is expected to be the beginning study to deal with the interaction of real and digital spaces in the future.
In order to explain delivery sales, this study focused on the spatial characteristics of sellers and the congestion effect in the digital space. In other words, we tried to find out how the seller's actual branch density (real density) affects delivery sales, focusing on the characteristics of the double-sided market and the congestion effect in the digital space, and also analyzed the effects on each other, such as the gap and interaction between unemployed density and density in the digital space. In addition, it was revealed that the impact on sales offline and digitally may be different even under the same location conditions due to the congestion effect in the digital space. As few studies have introduced the relationship between practical density, digital density, and the two density into empirical analysis as factors to explain delivery sales, this study is unique and meaningful in this regard.
The actual density, digital density, and the gap between the two concentrations, and the interaction were all statistically significant variables, and the fact that location attributes such as actual density affect offline sales and digital space in different directions was also demonstrated by a statistical model. Although the delivery platform was the subject of this study, it means that a more precise analysis of the digital space is needed when analyzing commercial districts/urban planning, and in this regard, this study is also meaningful in terms of urban planning.