As global population aging accelerates, increasing attention is being paid to the health and quality of life of older adults. Among the various health issues affecting older adults, falls are one of the most prevalent and serious problems, often leadi...
As global population aging accelerates, increasing attention is being paid to the health and quality of life of older adults. Among the various health issues affecting older adults, falls are one of the most prevalent and serious problems, often leading to fatal outcomes and significantly compromising quality of life. older adults with cognitive impairment are reported to be at a higher risk of falling compared to their cognitively healthy counterparts. Accordingly, it is essential to identify the risk factors associated with falls in this vulnerable group. Furthermore, given the considerable disparities between urban and rural areas in China in terms of socio-economic status and access to healthcare services, research comparing fall-related factors between urban and rural older adults with cognitive impairment is also warranted.
This study aims to comprehensively analyze the factors associated with falls among older adults with cognitive impairment living in Chinese communities and to compare the differences in risk factors between urban and rural populations. The goal is to contribute to the development of tailored fall prevention strategies. The study is grounded in the “Risk Factor Model for Falls in Older Age” proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2008), and the research model was constructed based on a review of previous studies, incorporating demographic and socioeconomic factors, health-related factors, behavioral factors, and environmental factors.
Data were drawn from the 2020 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a nationally representative longitudinal survey. A total of 1,893 older adults with cognitive impairment living in communities were included in the final analysis. Fall experience was defined based on responses to the question, “Have you fallen since the last visit (within two years)?” Descriptive statistics, univariate analysis, and multivariate logistic regression were performed for the overall sample and for urban and rural subgroups.
The results showed that 17.2% of cognitively impaired older adults reported having experienced a fall in the past two years. Significant factors associated with falls included place of residence, age, number of chronic conditions, pain, activities of daily living (ADL), and toilet type. In urban areas, significant factors were age (70–79), marital status, pain, and ADL problems. In rural areas, significant factors included gender[male], number of chronic conditions, pain, ADL, and toilet type.
Based on these findings, this study draws the following conclusions: First, falls are closely associated with the health and functional status of older adults with cognitive impairment, particularly pain and decline in ADL. Therefore, integrated interventions for maintaining physical function and managing pain are necessary. Second, as the risk factors differ between urban and rural areas, fall prevention policies should be tailored to the regional characteristics. Third, since fall risk arises from the interaction of multiple factors rather than a single cause, future policies should be designed through a multidisciplinary approach that considers gender, health status, and living environment.
This study provides foundational data on the characteristics and fall-related factors of older adults with cognitive impairment in Chinese communities. Its significance contributes in the comparative analysis of these factors between urban and rural settings, offering useful insights for the development of community-based fall prevention strategies.