As various environmental problems intensify, skeptical perspectives on humanity's sustainable development are spreading. Consequently, interest in activating citizens' pro-environmental behavior, which provides the core driving force for mitigating en...
As various environmental problems intensify, skeptical perspectives on humanity's sustainable development are spreading. Consequently, interest in activating citizens' pro-environmental behavior, which provides the core driving force for mitigating environmental problems, is increasing. However, the fragmented approaches of existing theories may cause unexpected adverse effects in practical application, and the coexistence of overlapping theoretical discussions in related areas raises concerns about inefficient outcomes. In this context, it is necessary to establish an effective foundation for problem mitigation by first organizing a reliable theoretical framework that can address the entire mechanism of citizens' pro-environmental behavior.
Based on this problem awareness, this study aimed to construct a systematic foundation for comprehensively understanding and analyzing citizens' pro-environmental behavior issues. Through this approach, the study is expected to achieve academic distinctiveness while practically contributing to problem mitigation by effectively promoting relevant citizen behavior through the derivation of implications.
Accordingly, this study constructed a causal loop diagram for citizens' pro-environmental behavior activation using qualitative system dynamics and verified the overall structure among 17 influencing factors by integrating structural equation modeling. To validate the causal loop diagram-based structural model, plastic use reduction, a pro-environmental behavior with high attention in Korea, was selected as a behavioral practice case. An online survey was conducted targeting 500 residents in Korea's metropolitan area through quota sampling from November 21 to December 1, 2024. The analysis results showed that most relationships were significant within p-values of 0.001. Of the total 24 hypotheses, 23 were supported, while one hypothesis was not adopted and underwent theoretical modification. Consequently, the reliability of CLD-PEB, an integrated theory with complex and circular structure, was confirmed. Through this process, the study conceptually organized the problem and identified leverage points and feedback loops with reinforcing or balancing characteristics, thereby establishing a foundation for effective problem mitigation.
Based on this, the study systematically confirmed that pro-environmental behavior activation (PBA) represents a strategic intervention point. The study derived systemic implications including strategies for strengthening positive perceptions of behavioral outcomes and creating environments that induce pro-environmental behavior, strategies for cognitively reducing participation costs or highlighting expected benefits compared to alternative behaviors, and strategies for cultivating symbolic representations of behavior and strengthening beliefs in successful experiences through customized information provision and education considering individual internal capabilities and external situations. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that various stakeholders including citizens, corporations, and governments can design effective pro-environmental behavior strategies suited to their respective purposes by integrating CLD-PEB with quantitative analysis. In this regard, the study analyzed that Korea's metropolitan area disposable plastic reduction policies primarily focus on enhancing self-efficacy (SE), strengthening positive behavioral belief perceptions regarding financial aspects (PPBa), and direct pro-environmental behavior activation (PBA), and provided policy recommendations accordingly. These research findings suggest that integrating systems thinking with structural equation modeling is useful for constructing and validating social science research models dealing with complex problems, and demonstrate that the causal loop diagram developed in this study can be utilized for mitigating various types of environmental problems in the future.
The integrated theoretical framework presented in this study requires further evidence accumulation in different types of environmental problems and groups, and continuous contextual reinforcement of microscopic aspects is needed. The empirical results are limited to specific focus groups (metropolitan area residents) and behavior types (plastic use reduction), which constrains generalization. Additionally, it is difficult to assert consistent intervention points utilizing system structure in various real-world situations. Nevertheless, the integrated methodology of this study can provide methodological guidance for research of similar nature, and the causal loop diagram constructed in this study can enhance overall understanding of citizens' pro-environmental behavior activation issues while providing a strategic foundation for related discussions. Although constraints may exist in practical application requiring behavior type and situation-specific validation, this study is expected to serve as a useful reference for effectively enhancing driving forces in a transition period requiring rapid change.