As the COVID-19 pandemic spread globally, the World Health Organization(WHO) officially classified it a pandemic in March 2020. Due to concerns about infection and social distancing, healthcare utilization among both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients...
As the COVID-19 pandemic spread globally, the World Health Organization(WHO) officially classified it a pandemic in March 2020. Due to concerns about infection and social distancing, healthcare utilization among both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients generally declined. Despite hypertension and diabetes being among the most common comorbidities of COVID-19, there is a lack of study examining how patients with these chronic conditions accessed healthcare utilization during the pandemic. In particular, the role of primary care, including continuity of care, gatekeeping, and enhanced access through having a usual source of care(USC), was critical in the clinical response to COVID-19. While prior studies have explored changes in healthcare utilization during the pandemic and the influence of USC on healthcare utilization, few have assessed whether USC moderated changes in utilization among patients with chronic conditions. This study aims to investigate the moderating effect of having USC on healthcare utilization among patients with hypertension or diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
This study utilized data from the Korea Health Panel to examine the relationship between USC and healthcare utilization among patients with hypertension or diabetes during the pandemic, and to explore whether USC had a moderating effect. The independent variable was the pandemic period, while the dependent variables were the number of outpatient visit days, including utilization related to hypertension or diabetes and utilization for other reasons. Control variables included gender, age, marital status, education level, residential area, household income quintile, economic activity, smoking, drinking, and self-rated health status. USC was set as the moderating variable.
First, the general characteristics of the study population were examined, followed by multiple regression analyses to assess the effects of the pandemic period and USC on healthcare utilization. The moderating effect of USC was also analyzed.
The results showed that outpatient visit days significantly increased during the pandemic.. When broken down by reason, outpatient days for reasons unrelated to hypertension/diabetes increased significantly, whereas no significant change was observed for hypertension or diabetes-related outpatient days. Having USC was associated with significantly increased outpatient utilization across all categories. However, the moderating effect of USC on the relationship between the pandemic and healthcare was not statistically significant. These findings suggest that having USC improved access to care and reduced unmet needs, leading to increased healthcare utilization.
This study demonstrates that having USC improves access to healthcare by ensuring continuity of care. Based on this finding, it is expected that the study can serve as public health evidence supporting the role of USC in improving healthcare utilization among patients with chronic conditions. By examining the role of USC in healthcare utilization during the pandemic, this study underscores the importance of strengthening primary care and managing chronic disease through the presence of USC.