This study aimed to examine the communication satisfaction and perceived barriers between ICU nurses and the family members of critically ill patients, and to identify the factors influencing these perceptions. With the increasing use of intensive car...
This study aimed to examine the communication satisfaction and perceived barriers between ICU nurses and the family members of critically ill patients, and to identify the factors influencing these perceptions. With the increasing use of intensive care units due to advances in medical technology and population aging, families of ICU patients are facing significant psychological distress as both caregivers and surrogate decision-makers. Despite their central role, they often experience difficulty in communicating effectively with healthcare professionals. In particular, nurses—who maintain the closest contact with both patients and families—are expected to provide emotional support and accurate information, but their ability to communicate effectively is frequently constrained by time limitations and the demanding ICU environment. As such, there is a growing need to assess and strengthen the communication competencies of ICU nurses to support family-centered care.
A descriptive survey was conducted with 122 family members of adult ICU patients admitted to a 2,000-bed tertiary hospital in Seoul, South Korea, between December 31, 2024, and February 19, 2025. Data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed before or after ICU visiting hours, using a modified version of the Korean Quality of Communication (QOC) instrument (Jo et al., 2017) and the Nurses and Patients’ Communication Barriers scale (Norouzinia et al., 2015). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and multiple regression analysis via the R statistical software.
The mean communication satisfaction score reported by family members was 70.59 (±18.18) out of 100, with high scores in areas such as attentive listening, emotional support, and nonverbal interaction. In contrast, lower satisfaction was noted in communication regarding end-of-life care, spiritual beliefs, and patient values. The average perceived communication barrier score was 1.54 (±0.38) out of 4, with the most prominent barriers related to nurses’ excessive workload, time constraints, and noisy or chaotic ICU environments. Communication satisfaction varied significantly depending on the family member’s marital status and economic level, while perceived communication barriers differed by both patient and family characteristics such as gender, age, ICU length of stay, and readmission status. Multiple regression analysis indicated that family members with lower economic status reported higher satisfaction, while older family members and those who were patients’ children rather than spouses perceived higher levels of communication barriers.
Overall, family members reported generally high satisfaction with nurses' communication but highlighted persistent inadequacies in deeper discussions related to end-of-life and spiritual care. Environmental constraints and staffing burdens were identified as major barriers. The findings also confirm that demographic and clinical characteristics of both patients and family members significantly influence communication perceptions. These results underscore the need for ICU nurses to tailor their communication strategies based on sociodemographic factors. Institutional efforts should include the formal integration of communication into core nursing duties, enhancement of nurses' emotional and spiritual communication competencies, improvement of working conditions, and the development of individualized communication interventions to support family-centered care. This study provides foundational evidence for developing practical guidelines and policy recommendations aimed at enhancing nurse-family communication in intensive care settings.