This study defines closure construction as the process by which learners construct the meaning of a text through interpretive judgment and autonomously bring their reading to completion. The purpose of this research is to investigate instructional app...
This study defines closure construction as the process by which learners construct the meaning of a text through interpretive judgment and autonomously bring their reading to completion. The purpose of this research is to investigate instructional approaches to novel reading that center on this process. As readers interpret novels in different ways, the point at which they arrive at narrative understanding and interpretive judgment—and the way they conclude their reading—also differs. Accordingly, this study focuses on the interaction between the narrative text and the reader’s interpretive judgment, reconceptualizing closure as the result of the reader’s autonomous interpretation and narrative construction. It further articulates the principles of novel reading centered on closure construction and investigates its educational potential.
The concept of narrative closure has been widely discussed in narratology, reflecting diverse perspectives and aims. As this study focuses on the reader’s cognitive construction, it critically engages with Abbott’s concept of closure, establishing the foundational mechanisms of closure construction around the reader’s expectations and questions. Furthermore, by complementarily integrating Barthes’s notion of the “text,” Eco’s “open work,” and insights from cognitive reading theory, this research theorizes narrative closure as a process of interpretive construction. Through this framework, closure construction is redefined not merely as grasping the resolution at the end of the narrative, but as a holistic act whereby the reader organizes meaning across the entire reading experience within their own context. The principles of novel reading centered on closure construction are summarized as follows: First, the reader generates expectations and questions by predicting and recalling events based on the temporality and causality of the text, thereby constructing interpretive contexts. Second, readers interpretively supplement the suspense caused by unresolved gaps or incomplete narratives by integratively using internal textual cues and extratextual contexts. Third, the reader ultimately concludes the reading through an interpretive decision as a comprehensive outcome of this process.
Building on this theoretical discussion, the study analyzes how learners engage in closure construction. Learners often attempted to construct narrative causality through expectations and questions, setting up hypothetical answers based on interpretive inquiry. However, some gathered fragmented information without attempting hypothetical interpretations, remaining at a superficial level of understanding. Some reconstructed causal relationships between characters and events or filled narrative gaps through interpretation, thereby expanding meaning. In contrast, others equated the conclusion with closure by passively relying on the narrative’s discourse, despite ongoing suspense. Some learners demonstrated the ability to independently conclude their reading by crossing narrative and interpretive judgments. However, others adhered to premature interpretations without adjusting their understanding in light of contradictory narrative elements or entirely withheld interpretive attempts, failing to achieve comprehensive closure construction.
Based on these observed limitations, this study proposes an instructional framework for novel reading centered on closure construction. The content is organized into (1) hypothetical meaning-making based on expectations and questions, (2) constructing distinctive closure through narrative reconstruction, and (3) reflective assessment of the closure construction process. Suggested pedagogical methods include visualizing narrative structure, constructing and revising hypothetical meanings, and engaging in cross-checking and reflective activities. This approach aims to enhance learners’ interpretive capacities through integrative use of narrative cues and reader context, ultimately fostering autonomous meaning construction and reflective reading.
This study contributes by redefining reading as a process of interpretation and construction through the concept of closure construction, offering a new instructional model for novel reading grounded in this reconceptualization. By conducting a multifaceted analysis of how learners construct narrative closure and organizing the instructional content accordingly, the research takes a step closer to the actual reading processes carried out by learners as active interpretive agents. Such novel reading instruction fosters learners’ growth as active subjects who coherently connect narrative progression with interpretive processes, construct meaning independently, and autonomously bring their reading to completion.