Viruses have evolved to maintain compact genomes composed almost entirely of protein-coding genes, yet human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) expresses four long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which account for more than half of the viral transcriptome. Despite the...
Viruses have evolved to maintain compact genomes composed almost entirely of protein-coding genes, yet human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) expresses four long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which account for more than half of the viral transcriptome. Despite their abundance, the roles of HCMV lncRNAs remain largely unknown. In this study, I newly found that RNA4.9, a 4.9 kb of HCMV lncRNA, inhibits nuclear cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-mediated immune response to facilitate viral replication. Cross-linking immunoprecipitation sequencing (CLIP-seq) analysis showed that RNA4.9 physically interacts with cGAS via a 75-nucleotide (nt) RNA region with predicted hairpin loops. Deleting the 75-nt region or sterically blocking its folding with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) during HCMV infection was sufficient to restore the cGAS activity, thereby impairing viral replication. Furthermore, I discovered that the unique localization of RNA4.9, which is locally accumulated near the nuclear HCMV DNA, correlates with its efficient binding to cGAS and subsequent immune suppression. These findings suggest viral long non-coding RNAs as critical regulators for host innate immune sensors and as potential therapeutic targets.