Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) is located on the outer mitochondrial membrane and is involved in processes such as apoptosis, inflammation, and steroid hormone production. In many cancers, TSPO expression is dramatically increased, making it an ...
Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) is located on the outer mitochondrial membrane and is involved in processes such as apoptosis, inflammation, and steroid hormone production. In many cancers, TSPO expression is dramatically increased, making it an attractive molecular imaging and therapeutic target. In our previous work, we developed a high affinity TSPO radioligand, ⁹⁹ᵐTc CB259, which binds TSPO with a dissociation constant Kᵢ of about 32 nM. Unfortunately, in live animals ⁹⁹ᵐTc CB259 was largely trapped by normal TSPO rich organs (kidneys, heart, lungs), preventing it from reaching tumors in any significant amount. To overcome this delivery bottleneck, we designed a pH sensitive liposomal carrier. Specifically, we incorporated an acid cleavable, hydrazone linked PEG lipid (mPEG₂ₖ Hz DPPE) into the liposome bilayer. These pH responsive liposomes can encapsulate the radiotracer stably during circulation and remain intact at normal blood pH, but once they enter the slightly acidic tumor microenvironment they disassemble and release the payload. We thoroughly characterized these nanoparticles—measuring their size, size distribution, and morphology—to confirm proper formation and high loading efficiency. In mouse models bearing U87 MG glioblastoma or LNCaP prostate tumors, we performed SPECT/CT imaging comparing three treatments: free ⁹⁹ᵐTc CB259, conventional PEGylated liposomes (non responsive), and our pH triggered liposomes (pRL). The results were striking. The pH sensitive liposomes produced clear and sustained tumor uptake (on the order of 3–5 % injected dose per gram of tumor), whereas the free tracer was rapidly cleared into non target organs and the non responsive liposomes accumulated mainly in the liver and spleen with negligible tumor signal. These findings show that an acid cleavable delivery system can salvage a promising radiotracer from pharmacokinetic failure, greatly enhancing tumor contrast and paving the way for effective TSPO targeted imaging diagnostics.