Recent advances in flexible and stretchable devices are drawing significant attention as the next step beyond conventional rigid, silicon-based electronics. Traditional silicon or oxide semiconductors suffer from severe performance degradation under e...
Recent advances in flexible and stretchable devices are drawing significant attention as the next step beyond conventional rigid, silicon-based electronics. Traditional silicon or oxide semiconductors suffer from severe performance degradation under even minor mechanical deformation, limiting their applicability in these emerging platforms. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with their exceptional mechanical properties, have emerged as strong candidates for next-generation semiconductors. In particular, solution-processed single-walled carbon nanotube thin-film transistors (SWCNT-TFTs) are highly compatible with flexible and stretchable substrates due to their low-temperature fabrication requirements. However, achieving both high on-state and off-state performance in CNT networks remains challenging, as CNTs with varying diameters and chiralities exhibit diverse electronic properties. Although various methods have been proposed to form high-purity CNT networks with uniform characteristics, the surfactants required for CNT separation can degrade device performance and increase processing costs.
To address these challenges, I first propose a density-modulated SWCNT-TFT (DM-TFT) structure, wherein inkjet printing enables the formation of low-density CNT networks near the source/drain (S/D) electrodes and high-density networks at the channel center. The low-density regions near the S/D electrodes increase the bandgap of channel at the electrode-channel interface, suppressing electron injection and enhancing off-state performance. On the other hand, the high-density central region facilitates hole transport, achieving high on-state performance. As a result, DM-TFTs simultaneously exhibit high carrier mobility and on/off ratios.
Second, I introduce a semiconducting purity-modulated SWCNT-TFT (SPM-TFT) structure, which partially incorporates metallic SWCNTs within the channel. Unlike previous approaches that exclude metallic CNTs to improve performance, our method localizes metallic CNT networks at the channel center, forming a narrow bandgap region to enhance hole transport. Conversely, ultra-high-purity semiconducting CNTs are printed near the S/D electrodes to suppress leakage current in the off-state. This design enables SPM-TFTs to achieve excellent carrier mobility and on/off ratios
Next, I employ polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to achieve spatially resolved control over CNT density and purity at sub-micrometer scales. While the resolution of inkjet printing used in previous processes is limited to tens of micrometers, we utilize electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing to selectively deposit PMMA, enabling fine modulation of CNT density even in channels shorter than 100 micrometers. After forming a low-density CNT network in the desired channel region, PMMA is selectively deposited onto specific areas. Following the PMMA deposition, an additional CNT layer is printed over the entire channel area. Sequentially, the device then undergoes a toluene rinsing step to remove both the PMMA and the CNTs deposited on top of it, resulting in precise spatial modulation of CNT density within the channel. These devices exhibit not only high mobility and on/off ratios but also the steep subthreshold swing characteristic of short-channel TFTs.
Finally, to further investigate the working principles of CNT random network with and without the gate bias, I introduce a simulation framework based on the hopping mechanism of CNT network. The simulation analyzes the impact of spatially varying CNT density and purity. In particular, unlike previously reported simulations, the simulation in this dissertation is designed to accommodate variations in the gate bias within the channel, thereby facilitating a deeper understanding of the high-performance CNT transistors presented in this work.
In summary, this dissertation establishes a comprehensive strategy for overcoming the longstanding trade-off between on-state and off-state performance in solution-processed carbon nanotube transistors, which has limited their practical application in flexible and stretchable electronics. The development of DM-TFT, SPM-TFT architectures and the implementation of high-resolution EHD printing enable precise modulation of electronic properties at the microscale. By introducing simulation frameworks capable of resolving spatial variations in CNT density and purity within the transistor channel, this research provides a new level of mechanistic understanding that directly informs device engineering. These advances collectively demonstrate that it is possible to achieve high carrier mobility, excellent on/off ratios, and steep subthreshold swing in short-channel device performance.