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      맥동형전자기장과 온침요법의 복합치료를 이용한 MCF-7 유방암세포의 사멸촉진효과 = The Combination Therapy of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field and Warm Needle Acupuncture Enhances MCF-7 Cancer Cell Death

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      https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T17301688

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      The Combination Therapy of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field and Warm Needle Acupuncture Enhances MCF-7 Cancer Cell Death by Sungwoon Choi Master of Korean Medicine Graduate School of Kyung Hee University Advised by Dr. Sanghoon Lee Warm acupuncture (温鍼) has long been used in Traditional Korean Medicine to promote Qi and blood circulation and eliminate pathological factors. More recently, it has been applied to musculoskeletal, neurological, and oncological conditions. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy is a non-invasive physical intervention known to induce biological responses such as changes in membrane potential and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), with reported tumor-inhibitory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the anti- tumor efficacy of combining PEMF and warm acupuncture and to explore the underlying mechanisms involving cell death and metabolic stress. BALB/c nude mice bearing MCF-7 breast cancer xenografts were divided into four groups: control, PEMF alone, acupuncture alone, and combination treatment. Each intervention was applied three times per week for 25 minutes over 27 days. Tumor volume and weight were measured, and tissue samples were analyzed via H&E staining, TUNEL assay, and immunofluorescence staining for cleaved caspase-3/9, PUMA, PARP, p53, 4-HNE, Liperfluo, GPX4, KEAP1, KRAS, pSTAT3, and pAMPK to assess cell death and stress responses. The combination group showed the most significant tumor suppression. H&E and TUNEL analyses revealed extensive necrosis and apoptosis in the combination group. Immunofluorescence revealed upregulation of cleaved caspase-3/9, PUMA, and p53, with corresponding decreases in PARP and GPX4. Liperfluo and 4-HNE staining confirmed enhanced lipid peroxidation, suggesting involvement of ferroptosis. KRAS and pSTAT3 signaling were suppressed, while pAMPK activation indicated metabolic stress-related cell death mechanisms. The combined application of PEMF and warm acupuncture synergistically enhances anti-tumor effects by promoting both apoptotic and ferroptotic pathways. These findings provide experimental evidence for the integration of traditional acupuncture techniques with modern biophysical therapies and highlight the potential of this combinatory approach as a novel adjunctive cancer treatment within integrative medicine. Key words Acupuncture, Pulsed Electromagnetic Field, Breast Cancer, Apoptosis, Ferroptosis
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      The Combination Therapy of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field and Warm Needle Acupuncture Enhances MCF-7 Cancer Cell Death by Sungwoon Choi Master of Korean Medicine Graduate School of Kyung Hee University Advised by Dr. Sanghoon Lee Warm acupuncture (温...

      The Combination Therapy of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field and Warm Needle Acupuncture Enhances MCF-7 Cancer Cell Death by Sungwoon Choi Master of Korean Medicine Graduate School of Kyung Hee University Advised by Dr. Sanghoon Lee Warm acupuncture (温鍼) has long been used in Traditional Korean Medicine to promote Qi and blood circulation and eliminate pathological factors. More recently, it has been applied to musculoskeletal, neurological, and oncological conditions. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy is a non-invasive physical intervention known to induce biological responses such as changes in membrane potential and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), with reported tumor-inhibitory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the anti- tumor efficacy of combining PEMF and warm acupuncture and to explore the underlying mechanisms involving cell death and metabolic stress. BALB/c nude mice bearing MCF-7 breast cancer xenografts were divided into four groups: control, PEMF alone, acupuncture alone, and combination treatment. Each intervention was applied three times per week for 25 minutes over 27 days. Tumor volume and weight were measured, and tissue samples were analyzed via H&E staining, TUNEL assay, and immunofluorescence staining for cleaved caspase-3/9, PUMA, PARP, p53, 4-HNE, Liperfluo, GPX4, KEAP1, KRAS, pSTAT3, and pAMPK to assess cell death and stress responses. The combination group showed the most significant tumor suppression. H&E and TUNEL analyses revealed extensive necrosis and apoptosis in the combination group. Immunofluorescence revealed upregulation of cleaved caspase-3/9, PUMA, and p53, with corresponding decreases in PARP and GPX4. Liperfluo and 4-HNE staining confirmed enhanced lipid peroxidation, suggesting involvement of ferroptosis. KRAS and pSTAT3 signaling were suppressed, while pAMPK activation indicated metabolic stress-related cell death mechanisms. The combined application of PEMF and warm acupuncture synergistically enhances anti-tumor effects by promoting both apoptotic and ferroptotic pathways. These findings provide experimental evidence for the integration of traditional acupuncture techniques with modern biophysical therapies and highlight the potential of this combinatory approach as a novel adjunctive cancer treatment within integrative medicine. Key words Acupuncture, Pulsed Electromagnetic Field, Breast Cancer, Apoptosis, Ferroptosis

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      목차 (Table of Contents)

      • List of Figure ii
      • Abstract iii
      • Ⅰ. 서론 1
      • List of Figure ii
      • Abstract iii
      • Ⅰ. 서론 1
      • Ⅱ. 실험 재료 및 방법 2
      • 1. 맥동형 자기장 2
      • 2. 동물 실험 2
      • 3. H&E 염색(Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining) 4
      • 4. Ki67 염색 4
      • 5. TUNEL 염색 4
      • 6. 면역형광염색 염색 5
      • 7. Liperfluo 염색을 통한 과산화지질 분석 5
      • 8. 통계학적 검정 6
      • Ⅲ. 결과 7
      • 1. 맥동형 전자기장과 침 치료의 병용 처리에 의한 종양 성장 억제 효과 7
      • 2. 맥동형 전자기장과 침 치료의 병용 처리가 종양 형태학과 증식에 미치는 영향 10
      • 3. 맥동형 전자기장과 침 치료의 병용 처리에 의한 종양세포 사멸 유도 효과 13
      • 4. 맥동형 전자기장과 침 치료의 병용 처리에 의한 종양세포 아폽토시스 유도 효과 15
      • 5. 맥동형 전자기장과 침 치료의 병용 처리에 의한 종양세포 DNA 손상 및 내인성 아폽토시스 신호 활성화 유도 18
      • 6. 맥동형 전자기장과 침 치료의 병용 처리에 의한 종양세포 지질과산화 촉진 효과 21
      • 7. 맥동형 전자기장과 침 치료의 병용 처리에 의한 KEAP1과 GPX4 발현 억제 및 페롭토시스 유도 효과 24
      • 8. 맥동형 전자기장과 침 치료의 병용 처리에 의해 이중 사멸경로의 중심 전사인자로서 p53의 역할 27
      • 9. 맥동형 전자기장과 침 치료의 병용 처리에 의한 KRAS/STAT3 종양신호 억제 및 대사 스트레스 센서 AMPK의 활성화 효과 29
      • Ⅳ. 고찰 33
      • Ⅴ. 결론 37
      • 초록 38
      • Ⅵ. 참고 문헌 40
      • List of Figure
      • Fig. 1. 본 연구에서 이용한 자기장온열침치료기 3
      • Fig. 2. 자기장(MF), 침 치료(Acu), MF+Acu 병행 치료가 MCF-7 이종이식
      • 마우스의 종양 성장에 미치는 영향 8
      • Fig. 3. 각 치료군의 종양 조직에 대한 대표적인 H&E 염색 단면 11
      • Fig. 4. 종양 조직에서의 Ki-67 면역형광 염색 및 정량 분석 12
      • Fig. 5. 종양 조직에서의 TUNEL 염색 및 세포사멸(apoptosis) 정량 분석 · 14
      • Fig. 6. 종양 조직에서의 활성이 된(cleaved) caspase-3 및 caspase-9 의
      • 면역형광 염색 16
      • Fig. 7. 종양 조직에서의 PARP1 및 PUMA 의 면역형광 염색 19
      • Fig. 8. Liperfluo 및 4-HNE 염색을 이용한 종양 조직 내 지질과산화(lipid
      • peroxidation) 검출 22
      • Fig. 9. 종양 조직에서의 KEAP1 및 GPX4 의 면역형광 염색 25
      • Fig. 10. 종양 조직에서의 p53 면역형광 염색 28
      • Fig. 11. 종양 조직에서의 KRAS 및 p-STAT3 면역형광 염색 30
      • Fig. 12. 종양 조직에서의 p-AMPK 면역형광 염색 32
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