The Combination Therapy of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field and Warm Needle Acupuncture Enhances MCF-7 Cancer Cell Death by Sungwoon Choi Master of Korean Medicine Graduate School of Kyung Hee University Advised by Dr. Sanghoon Lee Warm acupuncture (温...
The Combination Therapy of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field and Warm Needle Acupuncture Enhances MCF-7 Cancer Cell Death by Sungwoon Choi Master of Korean Medicine Graduate School of Kyung Hee University Advised by Dr. Sanghoon Lee Warm acupuncture (温鍼) has long been used in Traditional Korean Medicine to promote Qi and blood circulation and eliminate pathological factors. More recently, it has been applied to musculoskeletal, neurological, and oncological conditions. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy is a non-invasive physical intervention known to induce biological responses such as changes in membrane potential and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), with reported tumor-inhibitory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the anti- tumor efficacy of combining PEMF and warm acupuncture and to explore the underlying mechanisms involving cell death and metabolic stress. BALB/c nude mice bearing MCF-7 breast cancer xenografts were divided into four groups: control, PEMF alone, acupuncture alone, and combination treatment. Each intervention was applied three times per week for 25 minutes over 27 days. Tumor volume and weight were measured, and tissue samples were analyzed via H&E staining, TUNEL assay, and immunofluorescence staining for cleaved caspase-3/9, PUMA, PARP, p53, 4-HNE, Liperfluo, GPX4, KEAP1, KRAS, pSTAT3, and pAMPK to assess cell death and stress responses. The combination group showed the most significant tumor suppression. H&E and TUNEL analyses revealed extensive necrosis and apoptosis in the combination group. Immunofluorescence revealed upregulation of cleaved caspase-3/9, PUMA, and p53, with corresponding decreases in PARP and GPX4. Liperfluo and 4-HNE staining confirmed enhanced lipid peroxidation, suggesting involvement of ferroptosis. KRAS and pSTAT3 signaling were suppressed, while pAMPK activation indicated metabolic stress-related cell death mechanisms. The combined application of PEMF and warm acupuncture synergistically enhances anti-tumor effects by promoting both apoptotic and ferroptotic pathways. These findings provide experimental evidence for the integration of traditional acupuncture techniques with modern biophysical therapies and highlight the potential of this combinatory approach as a novel adjunctive cancer treatment within integrative medicine. Key words Acupuncture, Pulsed Electromagnetic Field, Breast Cancer, Apoptosis, Ferroptosis