Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapeutics have emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment, offering rapid development, scalable manufacturing, and the flexibility to encode diverse therapeutic proteins. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have become t...
Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapeutics have emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment, offering rapid development, scalable manufacturing, and the flexibility to encode diverse therapeutic proteins. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have become the leading delivery platform for mRNA, providing efficient protection and intracellular delivery of nucleic acids. However, their clinical application remains limited by off-target effects and nonspecific accumulation in the liver, which can lead to unintended gene expression and toxicity. To overcome these limitations, I developed a tumor-targeted mRNA delivery platform that integrates receptor-mediated targeting, microRNA (miRNA)-responsive translational regulation, and combination gene therapy to improve specificity and efficacy. For targeted delivery to tumor cells, I developed the Grabber-Antibody (GrAb) system, in which the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting antibody Panitumumab was genetically fused to Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1). This fusion protein spontaneously assembles on the surface of LNPs, forming EGFR-targeting LNPs (EGFRLNPs) without the need for chemical conjugation. To suppress off-target expression in hepatocytes, I engineered to include a 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) containing binding sites for miR-122, a liver-specific microRNA. This design effectively reduced mRNA translation in hepatocyte-derived cells by over 80%, while maintaining expression in tumor cells with low miR-122 levels. For therapeutic application, mRNAs encoding the tumor suppressor p53 and the pro-apoptotic protein SMAC were co-delivered. This combination induced a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability in p53-null cancer cells and led to a synergistic enhancement of apoptosis compared to p53 alone. In conclusion, this study presents a modular mRNA delivery strategy that enables tumor-selective expression by combining EGFR-targeted delivery, miRNA-based translational control, and co-delivery of synergistic genes. These results demonstrate the potential of this platform to improve the specificity and therapeutic efficacy of mRNA-based cancer treatments.