고령가구의 주거소비축소 영향요인에 관한 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Abstract

A Study on the Factors Influencing Downsizing in Elderly Households

XU SHI

Department of Real Estate
Graduate School of Youngsan University

Adviser : Kim, Hyung Keun

This study aims to analyze various factors influencing housing downsizing among elderly households in South Korea, providing a deeper understanding of their housing and economic decision-making processes. As South Korea transitions into an aging society, changes in the housing patterns of elderly households have emerged as critical socio-economic issues. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the factors influencing elderly households' decisions to downsize for enhanced economic efficiency.
The study utilizes data from the 24th (2021) and 25th (2022) waves of the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS), provided by the Korea Labor Institute. The analysis focuses on 4,083 elderly households who own their homes. The dependent variable is defined as the decision to downsize, while the independent variables include the age and gender of the household head, changes in household size, income changes, housing size, the proportion of housing assets to total assets, debt-to-asset ratio, economic motivations for relocation, and motivations for adjusting housing size. Statistical analyses were conducted to assess the influence of these factors on the likelihood of housing downsizing.
The results indicate that housing downsizing among elderly households is influenced by a complex interaction of factors, including changes in household size, the proportion of housing assets, and relocation motivations, rather than solely by economic considerations. Specifically, a reduction in household size has a significant negative effect on the likelihood of downsizing. This finding suggests that as household structures change, elderly households are more likely to pursue economic efficiency by reducing their housing consumption. The tendency to downsize is further reinforced by changes such as children becoming independent or shifts in household composition.
The study also found that larger housing sizes significantly increase the likelihood of downsizing. This result implies that elderly households tend to reduce unnecessary space, with the costs and management burdens of maintaining large homes influencing their decisions. Furthermore, moving from non-apartment housing to apartments has a significant positive effect on downsizing. This reflects a preference for apartments in South Korea and suggests that elderly households are more likely to choose smaller spaces when transitioning from non-apartment housing to apartments.
Additionally, a higher proportion of housing assets to total assets increases the likelihood of downsizing. This suggests that elderly households may reduce housing consumption as a strategy to enhance liquidity, highlighting their preference for smaller homes to improve economic flexibility. Economic and housing size adjustment motivations for relocation also have significant positive effects on downsizing. Economic motivations often lead to moves to smaller, more affordable homes, while housing size adjustments reflect efforts to adapt to household size changes or lifestyle shifts.
Conversely, age, gender, income reduction, and debt-to-asset ratio do not significantly influence downsizing decisions. This indicates that elderly households prioritize emotional stability, asset retention, and property value recognition over purely economic factors when making housing decisions.
The findings reveal that in addition to economic reasons, asset management strategies, household structural changes, and relocation motivations play crucial roles in determining housing downsizing among elderly households. These insights provide important policy implications for utilizing housing assets effectively. For example, reverse mortgage programs can help elderly households secure economic liquidity without downsizing. Additionally, practical policy measures, such as relocation cost subsidies, could support elderly households in maintaining residential stability while enhancing economic efficiency.
Finally, this study empirically identifies the multifaceted factors associated with housing downsizing among elderly households, offering significant theoretical foundations for formulating and implementing housing policies in an aging society. These findings are expected to contribute to improving the quality of life for the elderly population.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 1
• 가. 연구의 배경 1
• 나. 연구의 목적 4
• 2. 연구의 범위와 구성· 6
• 가. 연구의 대상 및 범위 6
• 나. 연구의 구성 6
• Ⅱ. 고령가구의 이론적 고찰 9
• 1. 고령가구의 개념 및 정의 9
• 2. 선행연구 및 차별성 14
• 가. 고령가구 가구 특성에 관한 선행연구 14
• 나. 고령가구 소독 및 자산에 관한 선행연구 29
• 다. 고령가구 주거이동에 관한 선행연구 45
• 라. 선행연구와의 차별성 58
• Ⅲ. 고령가구의 현황분석 60
• 1. 고령가구의 현황 60
• 가. 지역별 고령가구 현황 64
• 나. 가구원 수별 고령가구 현황 70
• 다. 세대별 고령가구 현황 72
• 라. 주택유형별 고령가구 현황 74
• 마. 점유 형태별 고령가구 현황 76
• 2. 고령가구의 자산 현황 79
• 가. 고령가구의 자산 현황 및 변화 추이 81
• 나. 고령가구의 가계 재무 건전성 현황 및 변화 추이 83
• 다. 고령가구의 담보 부채 현황 및 변화 추이· 85
• 마. 소득원천별 고령가구의 소득변화 추이· 90
• 바. 고령가구의 소득분배지표 변화 추이 92
• Ⅳ. 실증분석 96
• 1. 분석자료· 96
• 가. 분석자료 96
• 나. 변수의 정의 97
• 다. 기술통계 분석 101
• 2. 연구가설과 연구모형· 115
• 가. 연구가설 116
• 나. 연구모형 127
• 3. 실증분석 결과· 129
• Ⅴ. 결론 140
• 1. 연구 결과의 요약 및 시사점 140
• 2. 연구의 한계점 및 향후 연구과제 146
• 참고문헌 147
• 1. 학술논문 147
• 2. 학위논문 150
• 3. 웹사이트 150
• Abstract 151
• 국 문 초 록· 154
• 中 文 摘 要 157
• 감사의 글 160
• 感谢信 162