In general, phased array radars are divided into passive and active types, passive phased array radars feed power to antenna using a single high-power transmitter such as Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier (TWTA) or Klystron and electronically form a radio...
In general, phased array radars are divided into passive and active types, passive phased array radars feed power to antenna using a single high-power transmitter such as Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier (TWTA) or Klystron and electronically form a radio beam using phase changes in a number of phase shifters and change the beam width.On the other hand, the recently developed active phased array radar can form various radiation patterns such as fast electronic beam steering, multi-beam formation, and real-time adaptive beam formation by controlling the magnitude and phase of signals fed to antennas through semiconductor Transmit/Receive Module (TRM) connected to thousands to tens of thousands of radiation elements for precise detection and tracking. Therefore, high performance/intergration of the transmit/receive module that
determines the performance of the phased array radar is required. The power amplifier, which is a key component of the transmit/receive module, consumes the most power and is therefore considered an important element in the design of an active phased array radar system that has a structure that is difficult to dissipate heat. Accordingly, research on power amplifiers using the GaN (Gallium Nitride) HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) process with high output and high efficiency performance is being actively conducted.
In this thesis, an X-band GaN power amplifier MMIC (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits) with high-power and high-efficiency characteristics applicable to an active phased array radar system was designed and manufactured. The designed power amplifier has been measured to have a saturated power of 43.2 to 44.3 dBm, a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 43.6 to 49.2%, and a power gain of 18.8 to 19.8 dB in the frequency range of 8.5 to 11 GHz, and has excellent power density with a size of 3.5 × 3.2 mm². Therefore, the proposed power amplifier is suitable for use in the transmit/receive module of an active phased array radar.