수직형 스마트팜 내부의 온도 균일성 개선을 위한 복사냉방 패널 적용 방안 및 타당성 연구 = A Study on Application Strategy and Feasibility of Radiant Cooling Panel for Improving Temperature Uniformity in Vertical Smart-farm

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to propose the application of radiant cooling panels to solve the temperature unevenness problem caused by the convection cooling system mainly used in artificial light type vertical smart farms, and to verify the effect of improving the temperature uniformity. The main components for creating a growing environment for vertical smart farms and the limitations of existing cooling systems were investigated through previous research. Based on this, ceiling radiant cooling panels and planting table radiant cooling panels were proposed. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed radiant cooling panel, a mock-up test was conducted and a test cell simulating the structure of a real smart farm was built. The horizontal and vertical temperature distribution was analysed under the condition of LED lighting and turning off.
The main findings of the study are as follows.

1) The limitations of the convection cooling method, temperature stratification and cold air flow, were compensated by using ceiling radiant cooling panels to control the temperature of the whole space by radiant heat exchange without relying on the air flow inside the vertical smart farm. The result was confirmation that the cooling efficiency inside the vertical smart farm can be improved.

2) Radiant cooling panels were applied to the lower part of the racks. This compensated for the cooling effect of the lower racks blocked by the upper racks. This improved the temperature uniformity of each rack. It showed that it is possible to improve the productivity of vertical smart farms and ensure uniform product quality.

3) Horizontal temperature distribution analysis revealed that the application of radiant cooling panels reduced horizontal temperature deviations by an average of 0.3∼0.7°C compared to convection cooling under LED off conditions while maintaining a highly favorable temperature uniformity level (above 97%). Although horizontal temperature deviations increased under LED on conditions, they remained within the optimal temperature range of 15∼20°C for lettuce growth, ensuring a stable growing environment.



4) In the vertical temperature distribution analysis, the radiant cooling panel reduced the vertical temperature deviation by an average of 4.5~5.2℃ compared to convection cooling when the LEDs were off. It also reduced the vertical temperature deviation by 2.9~3.9℃ when the LEDs were on. This shows that the problem of temperature stratification, which has been pointed out as a limitation of the existing convection cooling system, can be effectively solved by the application of radiant cooling panels.

5) The correlation analysis between temperature deviation and uniformity showed that the uniformity varied somewhat depending on whether the LEDs were lit or not. However, the radiant cooling panel was able to maintain high temperature uniformity overall. In particular, it was shown that the temperature variation in the center of the bed, where the temperature variation was greatest due to the weak airflow when convection cooling was used, could be consistently reduced.

6) Through the introduction of ceiling and planter radiant cooling panels as a cooling system for vertical smart farms, we have presented a technical proposal that can overcome the limitations of the existing convection cooling method. This is expected to contribute to presenting a new direction of environmental control technology in the field of smart agriculture.



7) A method for ensuring temperature uniformity through the application of ceiling and planting table radiant cooling panels to simultaneously increase crop quality and productivity was proposed and verified. In addition, it was evaluated as a valid alternative to solve the problem of heat generated by LEDs used to ensure the photosynthetic amount of crops. This has the potential to be applied to smart farms of different sizes and structures, fulfilling the purpose of implementing smart farms to ensure stable crop productivity.

This study provides foundational insights into the feasibility of employing radiant cooling panels to enhance temperature uniformity in vertical smart farms.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1.1 연구 배경 및 목적 1
• 1.2 연구 범위 및 방법 4
• Ⅱ. 스마트팜의 구성 및 생육환경 조성에 대한 예비적 고찰 7
• 2.1 스마트팜의 구성 7
• 2.2 스마트팜 내부 환경조건 및 조절 방법 13
• 2.3 스마트팜에서 생육환경 조성 시의 문제점 및 해결 전략 23
• Ⅲ. 온도 균일성 개선을 위한 복사냉방 패널 적용 방안 34
• 3.1 복사냉방 패널의 스마트팜 내부 공간 적용 방안 34
• 3.2 복사냉방 패널의 재배대 적용 방안 40
• 3.3 Mock-Up Test를 위한 Test Cell 구축 45
• Ⅳ. 복사냉방 패널 적용을 통한 온도 균일성 개선 효과 54
• 4.1 온도 균일성 평가 방법 54
• 4.2 수평 온도 분포 및 균일성 61
• 4.3 수직 온도 분포 및 균일성 77
• Ⅴ. 결 론 91
• 참 고 문 헌 95
• ABSTRACT 99