This study analyzes the technological innovation performance of Korean food manufacturing firms, which belong to low-tech industries but have recently shown high technology adoption. The aim is to examine how technological innovation acts as a driving...
This study analyzes the technological innovation performance of Korean food manufacturing firms, which belong to low-tech industries but have recently shown high technology adoption. The aim is to examine how technological innovation acts as a driving force for the sustainability and growth of actual industries. Specifically, the study analyzes the efficiency and employment effects of food manufacturing firms resulting from technological innovation. Additionally, it reviews the effectiveness of government support programs to explore ways to promote innovation. The research objectives and results are summarized as follows.
The first paper, focusing on production efficiency, estimates the technological efficiency of food manufacturing firms through a stochastic frontier analysis using a trans-log production function and analyzes the inefficiency impacts by type of technological innovation. The main findings of the efficiency study are summarized as follows: First, the average technical efficiency of food firms over the years was approximately 0.73, showing an overall increasing trend. Second, food manufacturing firms in South Korea exhibit a close positive relationship with R&D alongside labor as a production factor. In particular, R&D input has a relatively large impact on value-added production compared to other factors. Third, the analysis of inefficiency determinants indicates that inefficiency decreases as the scale of the firm increases and as technological innovation is implemented. Specifically, the scale of food manufacturing firms shows a U-shaped relationship with inefficiency, suggesting that when the scale of a food manufacturing firm exceeds a certain level, technological efficiency may decrease. The factors of technological innovation show a negative relationship with inefficiency for all innovation activities in the food industry. Both product and process innovations exhibit statistically significant negative impacts on the inefficiency of food manufacturing firms. This can be interpreted as all types of technological innovation contributing to the reduction of inefficiency in food manufacturing firms. In conclusion, the first study confirmed that technological innovation in food manufacturing firms is an important factor in reducing inefficiency in value-added production.
The second paper focuses on the employment performance of food manufacturing firms. The objective is to examine the impact of technological innovation in South Korean food manufacturing firms on employment and to suggest directions for industrial development. To achieve this, the study estimates the impact of technological innovation on employment in food manufacturing firms through a system GMM analysis using a CES production function. The summary of the analysis results is as follows: First, technological innovation in food manufacturing firms has a statistically significant positive impact on employment. Second, both product innovation and process innovation in food manufacturing firms show positive impacts on employment. This indicates that product innovation increases consumer demand for products, contributing to the growth of labor demand in firms. Additionally, process innovation enhances the production efficiency of firms, leading to changes in product prices and demand, thereby increasing labor demand in food manufacturing firms. Third, in all models of the study, wages show a statistically significant negative relationship, while capital shows a statistically significant positive relationship. This implies that wage increases in Korea's food manufacturing firms can raise employment costs, potentially reducing labor. In conclusion, the second study confirmed that all types of technological innovation in food manufacturing firms can influence employment growth in the industry. It suggests that efforts by the government and firms to promote technological innovation are necessary to ensure employment stability and foster growth in the scale of the food industry.
The third paper examines the performance of technological innovation based on government support systems. This study considers the benefits of technological innovation discussed in the previous topic and explores ways to promote it through government support for firms. To achieve this, the research conducts PSM (Propensity Score Matching) and CEM (Coarsened Exact Matching), which are effective for controlling selection bias, to compare the performance differences in technological innovation by type of government support. The summary of the analysis results is as follows: First, receiving government support positively influences the promotion of technological innovation in food manufacturing firms. Additionally, there are statistically significant positive impacts on both product innovation and process innovation performance, with the influence of product innovation (20.9~23.0%p) being greater than that of process innovation (15.3~19.1%p). Second, non-financial support shows a greater effect on the performance of technological innovation than financial support. Third, the combination of monetary and non-monetary support showed a greater effect on innovation in food manufacturing firms compared to single support. Fourth, among the detailed types of government support, technical support and financial support were found to be effective in enhancing technological innovation performance in food manufacturing firms. In contrast, certification support was effective for process innovation, while tax support showed no statistically significant impact on technological, product, or process innovation performance. Consequently, the third study confirmed that the characteristics and types of government funding influence technological innovation outcomes in the food industry. Based on this, it is suggested that to promote innovation in food manufacturing firms, non-monetary support should be strengthened alongside monetary support.