Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a complex hematological malignancy characterized by aberrant myeloid cell proliferation and differentiation. TP53 gene mutation is one of the genetic alterations contributing to AML relapse, which is associated with tre...
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a complex hematological malignancy characterized by aberrant myeloid cell proliferation and differentiation. TP53 gene mutation is one of the genetic alterations contributing to AML relapse, which is associated with treatment resistance and poor clinical outcomes. Despite advancements in standard chemotherapy, including the widely used cytarabine and anthracycline combination regimen, a substantial proportion of TP53-mutated AML patients fail to achieve complete remission (CR).
In this study, I investigated the role of Drug-Tolerant Persister Cells (DTPCs) in TP53-mutated AML using the Kasumi-1 cell line as a DTPCs model system. Through proliferation assay and cell cycle analyses, I elucidated the survival mechanisms of DTPCs following cytarabine and idarubicin combination treatment, revealing their transient drug-resistant phenotype and propensity for G2/M phase arrest. Notably, DTPCs exhibited stem-like properties and upregulated expression of the ataxia telangiectasia and rad3-related (ATR) signaling pathway, contributing to their drug-tolerant phenotype. I conducted forty-eight drug screenings in DTPCs and found that cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors, especially the ATR inhibitor elimusertib, have significant cytotoxicity in DTPCs. Through mechanism studies and in silico analysis, elimusertib synergized with conventional drugs by reversing G2/M phase arrest and inducing apoptosis in DTPCs. Additionally, in vitro experiments using Kasumi-1 parent cells and ex vivo experiments using primary AML sample show that elimusertib enhances the anti-leukemic efficacy of conventional drugs.
In summary, our study provides insight into drug resistance mechanisms in TP53-mutated AML using the DTPCs model and identifies G2/M phase cell cycle checkpoint inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy.