Pesticides are widely used environmental hazards in agriculture to protect crops from pests, weeds, and diseases. Pesticides can be chronically exposed and accumulate in body throughout life. Recently, pesticides have been reported to cause cancer and...
Pesticides are widely used environmental hazards in agriculture to protect crops from pests, weeds, and diseases. Pesticides can be chronically exposed and accumulate in body throughout life. Recently, pesticides have been reported to cause cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. However, there have been few studies on this topic, especially neurotoxicity, in nontarget organisms, including humans. This study aims to explore the identification of neurotoxicants among commercial pesticides. Furthermore, this study investigate the comprehensive toxicity mechanisms including
neurotoxicity induced by the active ingredients such as dithianon and fludioxonil. Dithianon is a quinone-based fungicide that has been widely used in crop management to control a variety of fungal diseases. It may have unintended consequences in non-target species, including humans, due to its multi-site thiol-reactivity. This study show that dithianon causes dopaminergic neurotoxicity both morphologically and functionally. It increases oxidative stress
as well as mitochondrial fragmentation. Importantly, antioxidant NAC treatments or drp-1 depletion mitigated neurotoxicity, caused by dithianon. These findings suggest that dithianon causes dopaminergic neurotoxicity by inducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, dithianon is not only a fungicidal substance but also a neurotoxicant that can cause dopaminergic neurodegeneration in non-target organisms. Fludioxonil is a synthetic compound based on phenylpyrrole that is widely used as a fungicide in agriculture. In fungi, it has been shown to excessively activate the osmotic MAP kinase cascade. This study shows that fludioxonil is toxic for viability, growth, and reproduction in C. elegans. Fludioxonil dysregulates dopaminergic systems and causes abnormal behavior in C. elegans. These findings suggest that fludioxonil causes broad multi-toxicity in C. elegans. Thus, fludioxonil is not only a fungicidal agent but also a toxicant in non-target organisms. This study assesses the toxicity of environmental hazards, such as pesticides, on nontarget organisms. Specifically, active ingredients in certain pesticides demonstrate a potential risk of toxicity and dopaminergic neurotoxicity. This study is expected to make a substantial contribution to a comprehensive understanding of the environmental impact of pesticides. Furthermore, these findings have the potential to assist future research on environmental conservation and safety.
Keywords: Environmental hazards, Pesticides, Dithianon, Fludioxonil, Neurotoxicity, Dopaminergic neuron, Toxicity