Primary-side control for enhanced efficiency in multi-transmitter wireless charging for moving receiver

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Enhancing efficiency and expanding the charging area are primary objectives in wireless power transfer. It's common knowledge that misalignment between the receiver and transmitter (TX) leads to a substantial degradation in efficiency and power at the receiver (RX). The use of multiple TXs in such a scenario is a promising solution; however, the requirement for achieving the highest efficiency in a multi-TX scenario is that the coil current ratios of coupled TXs should match the ratios of magnetic coupling ratio, i.e. (ITX1:ITX2:…ITXn=k1:k2…kn). This thesis focuses on addressing challenges related to the use of multiple TXs and provides solutions to achieve the highest efficiency for a moving receiver.
In the first study, it presents innovative operating modes, termed negative and positive, for managing interference currents between TX coils. These modes enable both magnitude and phase control of TX coil currents, even in the presence of strong interference when multiple TXs are installed side by side. Furthermore, the proposed eliminate the need for additional power components or radio-frequency communication.
The second study focuses on maximum efficiency tracking (MET) with multiple concurrently-activated TXs in WPT. It introduces a communication-less MET system capable of fast real-time estimation of coupling coefficients and load resistance for multiple active TXs, even when the RX is moving. This approach eliminates the need for communication channels, extra components, iterations, and power flow interruptions during load changes. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of this approach with a rapid response time (3.8ms) for an RX moving at 6.84 km/h across multiple TXs. These studies collectively contribute to obtain the highest efficiency in WPT systems.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

효율 향상과 충전 영역 확장은 무선 전력 전송의 주요 목표입니다. 수신기와 송신기(TX) 간의 맞지 않음이 효율과 수신기(RX)에서의 전력 감소에 상당한 영향을 미치는 것은 잘 알려진 사실입니다. 이와 같은 상황에서 여러 TX의 사용은 유망한 해결책입니다. 그러나 다중 TX 환경에서 최고의 효율을 달성하기 위한 조건은 결합된 TX의 코일 전류 비율이 자기 결합 비율과 일치해야 한다는 것입니다. 즉, (ITX1:ITX2:…ITXn=k1:k2…kn)입니다. 이 논문은 여러 TX 사용과 관련된 도전에 대응하고 이동 수신기의 최고 효율을 달성하기 위한 해결책을 제시하는 데 중점을 둡니다. 첫 번째 연구에서는 TX 코일 간의 간섭 전류를 관리하기 위한 혁신적인 운영
모드를 제시합니다. 이러한 모드는 강한 간섭이 여러 TX가 옆에 설치된 경우에도 TX 코일 전류의 크기와 위상을 모두 제어할 수 있게 합니다. 더욱이 제안된 방법은 추가 전력 구성 요소나 무선 통신이 필요하지 않도록 합니다. 두 번째 연구에서는 다중 동시 활성화된 TX를 사용한 무선 전력 전송의 최대 효율 추적(MET)에 중점을 둡니다. 이 연구는 다중 활성 TX에 대한 결합 계수 및 부하 저항의 빠른 실시간 추정이 가능한 통신 없는 MET 시스템을 소개합니다. 특히 RX가 움직일 때에도 통신 채널, 추가 구성 요소, 반복 및 부하 변화 중에 전력 흐름이 중단되지 않도록 합니다. 실험 결과는 이 접근법이 6.84km/h로 이동 중인 RX에 대해 여러 TX를 거쳐 빠른 응답 시간(3.8ms)을 갖는 것이 가능함을 입증합니다. 이러한 연구들은 무선 전력 전송 시스템에서 최고의 효율을 얻기 위한 기여를 통합적으로 제시합니다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract i
• Table of Contents ii
• List of Tables iv
• List of Figures v
• Nomenclature vii
• Chapter 1. Introduction 1
• 1.1 Research Motivation 2
• 1.2 Necessity of phase sync. and magnitude control in multi-transmitter systems 4
• 1.3 Research Objectives 6
• 1.4 Thesis Outline 6
• Chapter 2. Phase Synchronization and Magnitude Control with Interference Between Multiple TXs in Wireless Power Transfer 8
• 2.1 Introduction 8
• 2.2 Desired operating point and its difficulties 11
• 2.2.1 Problems of achieving
• ITX1/ITX2¬
• =M1/M2 < INTC when MTX exists 14
• 2.2.2 Problems of tracking
• ITX1
• :
• I¬TX2
• =M1:M2 < INTC with MTX existence 14
• 2.3 Proposed phase and magnitude control 17
• 2.3.1 Negative and positive modes 17
• 2.3.2 Negative mode operation 17
• 2.3.3 Positive mode operation 19
• 2.3.4 Implementation 20
• 2.4 Measurements 23
• 2.5 Conclusion 29
• Chapter 3. Coupling Estimation and Fast Maximum efficiency tracking in Multi-Transmitters WPT 31
• 3.1 Introduction 31
• 3.2 Coupling extraction in multiple TXs scenario and MET 37
• 3.2.1 Coupling estimation 37
• 3.2.2 RX load and power estimation with TX 42
• 3.2.3 MET and power regulation for multiple TXs without communication or iteration 43
• 3.2.4 Comparison with prior works 46
• 3.3 Measurements 48
• 3.4 Conclusion 53
• Chapter 4. Summary and Conclusion 54
• 4.1 Summary 54
• 4.2 Conclusion 54
• Appendix. : Automatic Resonance Tuning with ON/OFF Soft Switching for Push-Pull Parallel-Resonant Inverter in Wireless Power Transfer Introduction 57
• Problems in conventional techniques 59
• Problems of detuning in push-pull inverter 59
• Drawbacks of conventional switch-controlled capacitor 59
• Proposed tuning capacitor and control method 61
• Proposed switching operation 61
• Zero-Voltage Turn-on and low dv/dt Turn off 62
• Proposed control 63
• Analysis of duty cycle and effective capacitance 63
• Measurement 67
• Conclusion 72
• References 73
• 국문초록 82
• List of Tables
• Table 3.1.1 Comparison with prior works 32
• Table 3.3.1 Components parameters 47
• Table 1 Comparison at the same load 200W and coil parameters 71

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