The rapid socio-economic advancement and urban expansion in Ulaanbaatar (UB), the capital city of Mongolia, have given rise to a pressing air pollution challenge. Swift urbanization, coupled with a growing population, has contributed to a surge in env...
The rapid socio-economic advancement and urban expansion in Ulaanbaatar (UB), the capital city of Mongolia, have given rise to a pressing air pollution challenge. Swift urbanization, coupled with a growing population, has contributed to a surge in environmental pollutants, particularly concerning air quality. As of now, approximately 46% of the population resides in Ulaanbaatar, with over half of the inhabitants in traditional ger dwellings relying on raw coal consumption. This widespread use of raw coal significantly contributes to elevated levels of ambient air pollutants, posing a substantial threat to public health.
Numerous studies have delved into the issue of air pollution in Ulaanbaatar, predominantly focusing on identifying sources of pollutants, analyzing their characteristics, and mapping their spatial distribution. While these investigations have provided valuable insights into the nature of the problem, there remains a limited number of research works employing predictive models to forecast particulate matter levels. To comprehensively address the air pollution challenge, it is crucial not only to examine the origins and attributes of pollutants but also to incorporate forecasting models that align with emerging trends in air quality.
Despite the extensive research on the sources and characteristics of pollutants, efforts to mitigate air pollution in Ulaanbaatar have yet to fully integrate strategies aligned with future trends in pollutant levels. Therefore, there is a critical need to go beyond understanding the problem and actively engage in initiatives aimed at forecasting and addressing air pollution.
This research aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse by investigating seasonal and temporal variations in air quality parameters, with a particular focus on major pollutants such as PM10 and PM2.5 in Ulaanbaatar City. Data spanning from 2020 to 2022, sourced from the National Agency of Meteorology and Environmental Monitoring (NAMEM), were analyzed for six selected pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, CO, SO2, NO2, and O3). The Air Quality Index (AQI) for each pollutant was determined, and the distribution of pollution levels among the selected pollutants was thoroughly examined.
The key findings underscore the significant contribution of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) to air pollution in Ulaanbaatar City. The annual average AQI consistently fell within the cautionary range (100-150), indicating unhealthy conditions for sensitive groups. Prediction revealed fluctuating patterns in AQI levels, reflecting variations in air quality over time. Notably, seasonal influences were apparent, with winter consistently recording the highest concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10, while summer exhibited comparatively lower pollutant levels.
In light of these findings, there is a clear imperative for focused interventions aimed at alleviating air pollution, with specific attention to mitigating the impacts of particulate matter. The identified trends and seasonal variations provide valuable insights for researchers and policymakers, facilitating informed decision-making and the formulation of targeted preventive measures to effectively reduce air pollution in Ulaanbaatar City. This research contributes to the broader discourse on air quality management and underscores the urgency of proactive and strategic measures to safeguard the well-being of the community and the environment.