It is time for countries around the world to be cautious about their North Korea policies, such as policies for their own interests and policies for their own interests. Among them, research on correction policies in North Korea after the reunificatio...
It is time for countries around the world to be cautious about their North Korea policies, such as policies for their own interests and policies for their own interests. Among them, research on correction policies in North Korea after the reunification of South Korea and North Korea may become an academic illusion as of 2023.
However, assuming that time passes amid political twists and turns (迂餘曲折), even if the two Koreas are unified in 2043, 20 years later, we do not have much time to prepare. This can be easily judged by looking at Germany, which is still suffering from deep aftereffects 40 years after German reunification.
Wecannotpermanently eliminate the issue of inter-Korean unification from the future of the Korean Peninsula. East and West Germany and South and North Korea are clearly the same in many ways, but they are different. However, the burden and problems that will be encountered after the inter-Korean and North Korean unification are that the experience of achieving German unification can be a stone in the mountains of 他. Then, how to establish and implement correction policies in North Korea after unification? More specifically, there are many problems, including problems with correctional facilities in North Korea, costs of restoring correctional facilities, utilization of correctional facilities in North Korea, re-employment standards for North Korean correctional officials, re-classification of prisoners, development of special programs for individual treatment, construction form when building a new prison, preparation of administrative lawsuits for those who are eliminated from re-employment, medical support for correctional facilities, and separation of military and civilian prisons. After reunification, the issue of correction policy in North Korea has rarely been addressed by the Korean Correctional Association, the Korean Correctional Welfare Association, and the Asian Correction Forum. This is because the political situation is so fluid and sensitive that it is a special area. However, it is now considered academically meaningful to compare and seriously review the cases of East and West Germany.
In the long run, the Ministry of Justice's gradual revision of the Penal Execution Act can be seen as a process of overhauling the execution system to prepare for the unification era. If you ask Korean jurists and legal practitioners about the legal meaning of reunification between South and North Korea, it will be said that it is the realization of the rule of law (Rehtsstaat) on the Korean Peninsula. I think correction policy is the key among them. In this paper, we will first analyze the changes and problems of the correction policy after German reunification, and then review the direction of the correction policy after reunification of the Republic of Korea. Through this, we would like to diagnose the future of Korean correctional administration and share the direction of Korean correction policy together.
For 78 years after the division, South and North Korea have established and maintained different political systems, and there are many gaps in culture, society, and economy. South Korea has been through the process of guaranteeing the basic rights of the people, a major member of the state, and stabilizing the liberal democratic system, while North Korea has established a governing ideology and the only political system to cope with internal threats rather than guaranteeing basic rights based on the Juche ideology or Kim Il-sungism.
Since North Korea surfaced the Juche idea in 1955, it has maintained the differentiation and superiority of North Korean authorities through a series of processes, including Kim Jong-il's official successor in the 1980s and rising crisis consciousness following the collapse of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s (Park Kwang-sik, 2013). This changed to Juche-style socialism (1991) and Red Age ideology (1995) in the 1990s, and is working as a countermeasure to defend the system under internal contradictions and external pressure faced by North Korean society.
Internal contradictions have been caused by economic difficulties since the inauguration of the Kim Jong-il regime, resulting in an increase in social crimes such as robbery, theft, prostitution, and corruption, and concerns over the collapse of North Korean society, such as unrest caused by discontent with the regime. Residents who oppose these criminals or systems are known to be held in detention facilities such as political prison camps and treated below human beings in poor facilities.
Since the advent of the Kim Jong-un regime in 2011, North Korea has become a country subject to sanctions from China and the Soviet Union due to its continuous nuclear development projects despite the UN sanctions, and at some point, North Korean society will face diplomatic isolation, internal collapse, and inter-Korean affairs.
In the case of Germany, it was unified by absorbing East Germany with accumulated resources, but it can be said that it was successfully achieved after numerous trials and errors in the unification process, but Vietnam was unified at a great cost in the unification process. In addition, in Yemen, due to the failure of the unification policy of stability after unification and the activities of warlords over a long period of time, economic poverty and the division of South and North Korea continue to prevent past films from continuing in modern times, and in South Yemen, Islamic traditions are being diluted a lot under socialism.
Tribal societies have heavily armed soldiers and independent sources of financial income. Currently, it is analyzed that the gap between the South and North Korean correctional administration in the treatment of detainees is very large, so data collection and research in various fields are needed at the same time to prepare a reasonable integration plan. Successful unification should be "complete understanding and unification" either by economic dominance or differences in power, as in Germany, or politically, and if it goes wrong, such as in Yemen or Vietnam, it can cost a lot of money.
The Ministry of Justice authorities should set up and study a separate department at the "Judicial Training Institute" to predict laws and corrective treatment in preparation for unification and to improve the problems and improvement measures of North Korean camps in a unified system.