(A) study on advanced materials and hybrid nanogenerators for sustainable energy harvesting and IoT applications

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study provides a comprehensive investigation into advanced materials and hybrid nanogenerators for sustainable energy harvesting and their potential applications in the Internet of Things (IoT). The research focuses on developing and characterizing novel materials capable of efficient energy conversion and generation, as well as integration them into various IoT devices for self-powered operation. The study begins with the synthesis and preparation of divers energy harvesting and sensing materials, followed by their thorough characterization and evaluation of properties and performance analysis. These materials are then employed in energy generation and harvesting systems, where hybrid nanogenerators are designed for fabrication to convert ambient energy sources into electrical power with enhanced efficiency and reliability. The study also explores the integration of these advanced materials and nanogenerators into IoT systems, enabling self-powered operation and seamless communication among devise. It addresses challenges such as scalability, durability, and adaptability, investigating strategies to optimize fabrication techniques, device design, and system integration for improved performance and lifespan. The outputs of this research contribute to the advancement of sustainable energy harvesting and IoT technologies, reducing reliance on conventional power grids and enhancing the functionality and scalability of self-powered IoT devices. Overall, this study offers significant implications for the development of sustainable energy solutions and the advancement of IoT technologies.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Chapter 1 1
• 1.1 Importance of energy harvesting 1
• 1.2 Overview of hybrid nanogenerators 1
• 1.3 Research objective 2
• 1.4 Thesis overview 3
• 1.5 References 4
• Chapter 2 5
• 2.1 Regents and chemicals 5
• 2.2 Characterization techniques 5
• Chapter 3 7
• 3.1 Introduction 7
• 3.2 Experimental details 10
• 3.2.1 Materials. 10
• 3.2.2 Triboelectric film preparation and surface analysis. 10
• 3.2.3 Fabrication of a 3D printed TENG and their real-time images. 12
• 3.3. Material and electrical characterization 12
• 3.3.1 Elemental study of the prepared composite films 12
• 3.3.2 Crystallography analysis of the prepared material and composite films 14
• 3.3.3 Electrical potential mapping of the prepared films 16
• 3.3.4 Surface area and energy levels investigation for the various prepared films and the electron-scale-electron-scale model 17
• 3.3.5 Working mechanism of the fabricated TENG 20
• 3.3.6 TENG electrical output optimization concerning the material loading concentration 21
• 3.3.7 TENGs robustness investigation 23
• 3.4 Applications of the fabricated TENG 25
• 3.4.1 Self-powered information transformation applicability of the fabricated TENG. 25
• 3.4.2 TENG output power enhancement and practical application 27
• 3.5 Conclusion 29
• 3.6 References 30
• Chapter 4 32
• 4.1 Introduction 32
• 4.2 Experimental details 34
• 4.2.1 Materials 34
• 4.2.2 Synthesis of BiFeO3 sample and hybrid composite film preparation 35
• 4.2.3 Fabrication of various energy harvesters 36
• 4.3 Fundaments of piezoelectricity 37
• 4.4 Material characterization of the synthesized BiFeO3 powder and the hybrid composite films 38
• 4.5 Working mechanism of the HNG and the electrical output comparison study for the various energy harvesters. 42
• 4.6 Practical applications of the fabricated energy harvester 47
• 4.7 Conclusion 51
• 4.8 References 52
• Chapter 5 54
• 5.1 Introduction 54
• 5.2 Experimental details 56
• 5.2.1 Materials 56
• 5.2.2 Synthesis of KNbO3 sample and hybrid composite films preparation 56
• 5.2.3 Preparation of the PNG composite films 56
• 5.2.4 Preparation of various elastomer/TCD films 57
• 5.2.5 Fabrication of various energy harvesters 57
• 5.3 Material characterization of the synthesized KN powder 58
• 5.4 Working mechanism of the various energy harvesters 60
• 5.5 Electrical output of various energy harvesters 63
• 5.6 Practical applications of the fabricated energy harvesters. 69
• 5.7 Conclusion 71
• 5.8 Reference 72
• Chapter 6 74
• 6.1 Summary 74
• 6.2 Proposals for future works 74
• Appendix 75