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      Civil Society and Pro-Poor Policy : The Case of Sub-Saharan Africa = 시민사회와 친빈곤 정책: 사하라 이남 아프리카의 사례

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      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

      The gulf between theory, concept, policy, and outcome about poverty eradication in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains wide, congested, and contentious, witnessing many prescriptions, diverse successes, and an even wider scholarship. This study aims at creating an understanding of civil society’s integral role in poverty eradication in Sub-Saharan Africa through its participation in public policy. The study begins by discussing the poverty situation in the continent and continues to describe how markets and government have dominated this domain, critically analyzing both market-based structural and government-based institutional reform interventions in the quest for poverty eradication. In this aspect, political systems, institutions, and economic policies are analyzed considering their successes in addressing poverty. The study introduces and demonstrates civil society and its participation in public policy as a critical factor that enhances pro-poor policies and poverty reduction.

      While civil society participation in public policy processes and its effect on poverty eradication remains an amorphous phenomenon in many existing debates and literature, I argue that it is indeed the missing link in the fight against poverty in the continent. In an attempt at a formal explanatory analysis of the role of civil society in pro-poor policies, the study discusses mechanisms that sustain the causal relationship between civil society and pro-poor policies. Through a multiple comparative panel regression analysis of 43 African countries between 2000 and 2020, results show that by interacting civil society participation in public policy with institutional factors namely public administration, local government, and democracy, countries experienced reduced out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita, one of the leading causes of household poverty in SSA. This demonstrates how civil society participation in public policy is instrumental and strategic for pro-poor policies; the increase in attaining increased pro-poor policy outcomes may only be accounted for in terms of enhanced civil society participation in public policy. The study discusses the empirical evidence needed to establish the indispensability of and desire to support civil society and institutionalize civil society participatory processes in public policy for the effective and efficient eradication of poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa. The future of poverty eradication and participatory democracy in Sub-Saharan Africa is tied to the ability to expand civil society participation in public policy.
      번역하기

      The gulf between theory, concept, policy, and outcome about poverty eradication in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains wide, congested, and contentious, witnessing many prescriptions, diverse successes, and an even wider scholarship. This study aims at c...

      The gulf between theory, concept, policy, and outcome about poverty eradication in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains wide, congested, and contentious, witnessing many prescriptions, diverse successes, and an even wider scholarship. This study aims at creating an understanding of civil society’s integral role in poverty eradication in Sub-Saharan Africa through its participation in public policy. The study begins by discussing the poverty situation in the continent and continues to describe how markets and government have dominated this domain, critically analyzing both market-based structural and government-based institutional reform interventions in the quest for poverty eradication. In this aspect, political systems, institutions, and economic policies are analyzed considering their successes in addressing poverty. The study introduces and demonstrates civil society and its participation in public policy as a critical factor that enhances pro-poor policies and poverty reduction.

      While civil society participation in public policy processes and its effect on poverty eradication remains an amorphous phenomenon in many existing debates and literature, I argue that it is indeed the missing link in the fight against poverty in the continent. In an attempt at a formal explanatory analysis of the role of civil society in pro-poor policies, the study discusses mechanisms that sustain the causal relationship between civil society and pro-poor policies. Through a multiple comparative panel regression analysis of 43 African countries between 2000 and 2020, results show that by interacting civil society participation in public policy with institutional factors namely public administration, local government, and democracy, countries experienced reduced out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita, one of the leading causes of household poverty in SSA. This demonstrates how civil society participation in public policy is instrumental and strategic for pro-poor policies; the increase in attaining increased pro-poor policy outcomes may only be accounted for in terms of enhanced civil society participation in public policy. The study discusses the empirical evidence needed to establish the indispensability of and desire to support civil society and institutionalize civil society participatory processes in public policy for the effective and efficient eradication of poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa. The future of poverty eradication and participatory democracy in Sub-Saharan Africa is tied to the ability to expand civil society participation in public policy.

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      국문 초록 (Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

      사하라 이남 아프리카(SSA)의 빈곤 퇴치와 관련된 이론, 개념, 정책, 결과 간의 간극은 여전히 크고, 혼잡하며, 논쟁적입니다. 그동안 수많은 처방, 다양한 성공 사례, 그리고 지식이 축적되어 왔습니다. 이 연구는 공공정책과정에의 시민사회 참여를 중심으로 빈곤퇴치에서 시민사회가 수행하는 핵심적인 역할에 대한 이해를 제고하는 것을 목적으로 합니다. 이 연구는 아프리카 대륙의 빈곤 현황을 논의하는 것으로 시작하여 시장과 정부가 어떻게 이 문제를 다루어 왔는지를 설명하면서 빈곤 퇴치를 위한 탐색에서 시장 기반 구조 및 정부 기반 제도 개혁 개입을 비판적으로 분석합니다. 이러한 측면에서 빈곤퇴치에 성공한 정치제도, 제도, 경제정책을 고찰합니다. 이 연구는 시민사회와 시민사회가 공공정책에 참여하는 것을 빈곤타개정책 등장과 빈곤감소의 중요한 요소로 소개하고 보여줍니다.
      공공정책과정에의 시민사회의 참여와 빈곤 퇴치에 대한 영향은 많은 기존 토론과 문헌에서 여전히 불분명한 상태로 남아 있지만, 저는 그것이 실제로 아프리카 대륙의 빈곤 퇴치와 관련된 싸움에서 잃어버린 고리라고 주장합니다. 본 연구는 빈곤타개정책에서의 시민사회의 역할에 관한 공식적이고 설명적 분석을 시도하면서 시민사회와 빈곤타개정책 간의 인과관계를 유지하는 메커니즘을 논의합니다. 2000년부터 2020년까지의 기간 동안 43개의 아프리카 국가들의 다중비교패널 회귀분석을 통해 공공정책과정에서의 시민사회의 참여는 공공행정, 지방정부, 민주주의와 같은 제도적 요소와 상호 작용함으로써, 사하라 이남 아프리카에서 가계 빈곤의 주요 요인 중 하나인 1인당 의료비 지출을 줄였다는 것을 보여줍니다.. 이것은 공공정책과정에 대한 시민사회의 참여가 어떻게 빈곤타개정책에 도움이 되고 전략적인지를 보여줍니다. 이는 빈곤타개정책을 강화하는 길은 오직 공공정책과정에 대한 시민사회의 참여를 제고하는 것뿐이라는 사실을 시사합니다. 이 연구는 사하라 이남 아프리카의 빈곤을 효과적이고 효율적으로 근절하기 위해 시민사회를 지원하고 시민사회 참여 과정을 공공정책에서 제도화하는 데 필요한 실증적 증거를 논의합니다. 사하라 이남 아프리카의 빈곤 퇴치와 참여민주주의의 미래는 공공 정책과정에서 시민사회의 참여를 얼마나 확대할 수 있는가에 달려 있습니다.
      번역하기

      사하라 이남 아프리카(SSA)의 빈곤 퇴치와 관련된 이론, 개념, 정책, 결과 간의 간극은 여전히 크고, 혼잡하며, 논쟁적입니다. 그동안 수많은 처방, 다양한 성공 사례, 그리고 지식이 축적되어 ...

      사하라 이남 아프리카(SSA)의 빈곤 퇴치와 관련된 이론, 개념, 정책, 결과 간의 간극은 여전히 크고, 혼잡하며, 논쟁적입니다. 그동안 수많은 처방, 다양한 성공 사례, 그리고 지식이 축적되어 왔습니다. 이 연구는 공공정책과정에의 시민사회 참여를 중심으로 빈곤퇴치에서 시민사회가 수행하는 핵심적인 역할에 대한 이해를 제고하는 것을 목적으로 합니다. 이 연구는 아프리카 대륙의 빈곤 현황을 논의하는 것으로 시작하여 시장과 정부가 어떻게 이 문제를 다루어 왔는지를 설명하면서 빈곤 퇴치를 위한 탐색에서 시장 기반 구조 및 정부 기반 제도 개혁 개입을 비판적으로 분석합니다. 이러한 측면에서 빈곤퇴치에 성공한 정치제도, 제도, 경제정책을 고찰합니다. 이 연구는 시민사회와 시민사회가 공공정책에 참여하는 것을 빈곤타개정책 등장과 빈곤감소의 중요한 요소로 소개하고 보여줍니다.
      공공정책과정에의 시민사회의 참여와 빈곤 퇴치에 대한 영향은 많은 기존 토론과 문헌에서 여전히 불분명한 상태로 남아 있지만, 저는 그것이 실제로 아프리카 대륙의 빈곤 퇴치와 관련된 싸움에서 잃어버린 고리라고 주장합니다. 본 연구는 빈곤타개정책에서의 시민사회의 역할에 관한 공식적이고 설명적 분석을 시도하면서 시민사회와 빈곤타개정책 간의 인과관계를 유지하는 메커니즘을 논의합니다. 2000년부터 2020년까지의 기간 동안 43개의 아프리카 국가들의 다중비교패널 회귀분석을 통해 공공정책과정에서의 시민사회의 참여는 공공행정, 지방정부, 민주주의와 같은 제도적 요소와 상호 작용함으로써, 사하라 이남 아프리카에서 가계 빈곤의 주요 요인 중 하나인 1인당 의료비 지출을 줄였다는 것을 보여줍니다.. 이것은 공공정책과정에 대한 시민사회의 참여가 어떻게 빈곤타개정책에 도움이 되고 전략적인지를 보여줍니다. 이는 빈곤타개정책을 강화하는 길은 오직 공공정책과정에 대한 시민사회의 참여를 제고하는 것뿐이라는 사실을 시사합니다. 이 연구는 사하라 이남 아프리카의 빈곤을 효과적이고 효율적으로 근절하기 위해 시민사회를 지원하고 시민사회 참여 과정을 공공정책에서 제도화하는 데 필요한 실증적 증거를 논의합니다. 사하라 이남 아프리카의 빈곤 퇴치와 참여민주주의의 미래는 공공 정책과정에서 시민사회의 참여를 얼마나 확대할 수 있는가에 달려 있습니다.

      더보기

      목차 (Table of Contents)

      • ABSTRACT I
      • 국문 초록 III
      • PREFACE VII
      • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS VIII
      • TABLE OF CONTENTS X
      • ABSTRACT I
      • 국문 초록 III
      • PREFACE VII
      • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS VIII
      • TABLE OF CONTENTS X
      • LIST OF TABLES XIII
      • LIST OF FIGURES XV
      • ABBREVIATIONS XVII
      • CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1
      • 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1
      • 1.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND QUESTIONS 5
      • 1.3 THESIS OVERVIEW 6
      • 1.4 LINKING CHAPTERS 8
      • CHAPTER 2: CONCEPTS AND CONTEXT 10
      • 2.1 POVERTY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA (SSA) 11
      • 2.2 THOUGHTS AND THEORIES ON POVERTY AND POVERTY ERADICATION 13
      • 2.3 CONCEPTUALIZING POVERTY AND POVERTY ERADICATION 16
      • 2.3.1 Poverty eradication 18
      • 2.3.2 Pro-poor policy 20
      • 2.4 CAUSES OF POVERTY 20
      • 2.4.1 Healthcare expenditure 21
      • 2.4.2 Out-of-pocket health expenditure 22
      • 2.4.3 Governance and politics 24
      • 2.5 CONCLUSION 27
      • CHAPTER 3: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 29
      • 3.1 MARKET REFORMS APPROACH TO POVERTY ERADICATION 31
      • 3.1.1 Conceptualization and origins 31
      • 3.1.2 SAPs and PRSPs 34
      • 3.1.3 Criticisms: How market approaches fail in poverty eradication 35
      • 3.1.4 Conclusion 41
      • 3.2 GOVERNMENT REFORMS APPROACH TO POVERTY ERADICATION 41
      • 3.2.1 Conceptualization and origins 42
      • 3.2.2 Criticisms: How government approaches fail in poverty eradication 46
      • 3.2.3 Conclusion 50
      • 3.3 CIVIL SOCIETY APPROACH TO POVERTY ERADICATION 51
      • 3.3.1 Theoretical Framework 54
      • 3.3.2 Theory 60
      • 3.3.3 Civil Society participation in public policy for poverty eradication 60
      • 3.3.4 Characterizing civil society participation in public policy 66
      • 3.3.5 Hypotheses 68
      • 3.4 SUMMARY 79
      • CHAPTER 4: MEASUREMENT AND METHODOLOGY 82
      • 4.1 DEPENDENT VARIABLE 83
      • 4.1.1 Measuring out-of-pocket health expenditure 84
      • 4.2 INDEPENDENT VARIABLES 84
      • 4.2.1 Measuring civil society participation in public policy 85
      • 4.2.2 Measuring decentralization 86
      • 4.2.3 Measuring impartial public administration 86
      • 4.2.4 Measuring democratic performance 87
      • 4.3 CONTROL VARIABLES 87
      • 4.4 SAMPLING AND DATA ANALYSIS 88
      • 4.4.1 Population and sampling 88
      • 4.4.2 Data analysis framework 88
      • 4.4.3 Data sources 90
      • CHAPTER 5: FINDINGS 91
      • 5.1 SUMMARY STATISTICS 91
      • 5.2 EXPLORING MULTIVARIATE DATA 94
      • 5.3 REGRESSION RESULTS 102
      • 5.4 CONDITIONAL AND PREDICTIVE MARGINAL EFFECTS ANALYSES 110
      • 5.4.1 Conditional marginal effects and causality 110
      • 5.4.2 Predictive marginal effects 114
      • 5.5 CONCLUSION 129
      • CHAPTER 6: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 131
      • 6.1 DISCUSSION 131
      • 6.1.1 Government health expenditure 132
      • 6.1.2 Decentralization 134
      • 6.1.3 Impartial public administration 136
      • 6.1.4 Democracy 138
      • 6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS 140
      • 6.2.1 An institutional mechanism approach to participation 140
      • 6.2.2 Public administration and an enabling environment 143
      • 6.2.3 Democracy 146
      • 6.2.4 A call for enhanced political decentralization 147
      • 6.2.5 Normative evaluation of public policy 148
      • 6.2.6 Empowerment of civil society 149
      • 6.3 LIMITATIONS AND FURTHER RESEARCH 150
      • 6.4 CONCLUSION 153
      • BIBLIOGRAPHY 157
      • APPENDICES 186
      • A. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS 186
      • B. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 189
      • C. VARIABLES DESCRIPTIONS 199
      • D. ADDITIONAL RESULTS ON SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS AND COMPOSITION 208
      더보기

      참고문헌 (Reference)

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      5. Administering Public Participation, Heidelberg, R. L., Eckerd, A., 50(2), 133–147. https://doi. org/10.1177/0275074019871368, , 2020

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      7. On the mechanics of economic development, Lucas, R. E., 22(1), 3–42. https://doi. org/10.1016/0304- 3932(88)90168-7, , 1988

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      9. Distributive Politics and Economic Growth, Alesina, A., Rodrik, D., 109(2), 465–490. https://doi. org/10.2307/2118470, , 1994

      10. Emerging Problems of Citizen Participation, Cupps, D. S., 37(5), 478. https://doi. org/10.2307/974695, , 1977

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      2. One Economics, Many Recipes, Rodrik, D., https://doi. org/10.2307/j. ctvcm4jbh, , 2008

      3. Poverty reduction in Africa, Collier, P., 104(43), 16763–16768. https://doi. org/10.1073/pnas.0611702104, , 2007

      4. Theories of the Causes of Poverty, Brady, D., 45(1), 155–175. https://doi. org/10.1146/annurev-soc-073018-022550, , 2019

      5. Administering Public Participation, Heidelberg, R. L., Eckerd, A., 50(2), 133–147. https://doi. org/10.1177/0275074019871368, , 2020

      6. Poverty and Health Sector Inequalities, Wagstaff, A., 80(2), 97–105, , 2002

      7. On the mechanics of economic development, Lucas, R. E., 22(1), 3–42. https://doi. org/10.1016/0304- 3932(88)90168-7, , 1988

      8. PRSPs, Minorities and Indigenous Peoples, Hughes, A, An Issue Paper, , 2005

      9. Distributive Politics and Economic Growth, Alesina, A., Rodrik, D., 109(2), 465–490. https://doi. org/10.2307/2118470, , 1994

      10. Emerging Problems of Citizen Participation, Cupps, D. S., 37(5), 478. https://doi. org/10.2307/974695, , 1977

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