The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of internal and external job factors of elderly customized care service manager on their job satisfactions and to verify the mediating effects of emotional labor on the relationship between the tw...
The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of internal and external job factors of elderly customized care service manager on their job satisfactions and to verify the mediating effects of emotional labor on the relationship between the two variables. Through this, it was intended to provide information so that the service could be operated stably by examining the factors affecting the job satisfaction of elderly customized care service manager in detail and finding ways to increase job satisfaction.
The subjects of the survey were 263 elderly customized care service manager belonging to the institution for performing customized care services for the elderly in Gwangju, and the SPSS 28.0 statistical program was used for data analysis. As for the data analysis method, descriptive statistical analysis, reliability analysis (Cronbach's α), and one-way analysis (one-way ANOVA) were performed, and the post-test was performed by Scheffé test. Correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted, and mediating effect analysis was performed using the method suggested by Baron & Kenny, followed by Sobel test.
The results of this study are summarized as follows.
First, job satisfaction of elderly customized care service manager was 3.97, which was slightly higher than the median value. In internal job factors, task identity was the highest, and in external job factors, the relationship with colleagues was highest. Emotional labor showed the result that deep actions were performed more than surface actions.
Second, as a result of analyzing the differences in job satisfaction according to socio-demographic and job-related characteristics, statistically significant differences were found according to age, religion, and the total working period in the field of care service. The group aged 60 to 64 showed higher job satisfaction than the group aged 40 to 49, the Christian group showed relatively higher job satisfaction than the non-religious group, and the group of 5 years or more showed relatively higher job satisfaction than the group of less than 1 year.
Third, as a result of analyzing the correlation between measurement variables, it was found that the better the relationship with colleagues, the better the relationship with superiors. And the smaller the number of client, the more feedback among the internal job factors.
Fourth, as a result of hierarchical regression analysis to find out the relative influence of socio-demographic and job-related characteristics, internal job factors, external job factors, and emotional labor on job satisfaction of job elderly customized care service manager, in Model 1, Religion(Christianity) and total working period in the field of care service, in Model 2, task importance and autonomy among sub-factors of intrinsic job factors, working conditions, relationship with superiors, and negative relationships with subjects among sub-factors of extrinsic job factors affect job satisfaction appeared to affect.
In Model 3, as sub-factors of emotional labor, such as surface acting and deep actin, were included, it became the most explanatory variable along with total working period, task importance, and working conditions, and showed an explanatory power of 39% of the total.
Fifth, the mediating effect of emotional labor was analyzed on the influence of internal and external job factors on job satisfaction. As a result, it was found that deep acting showed a partial mediating effect in the relationship between internal job factors and job satisfaction, and surface acting and deep acting had a partial mediating effect in the relationship between external job factors and job satisfaction.
Conclusions and suggestions made based on these analysis results are as follows.
First, it is necessary to provide psychological support such as support for emotional control programs and regular interviews to increase the deep acting of elderly customized care service manager.
Second, in order to lower the surface acting of elderly customized care service manager, it is necessary to develop various programs that can enhance understanding of the project and elicit in-depth empathy.
Third, according to the result of high job satisfaction in the group with a relatively long working period, It is necessary to remove the factors of job insecurity and stabilize employment so that the work of the living support company can be continuously maintained.
Fourth, Among internal job factors, task importance was found to be the most influential variable on job satisfaction. In order to increase awareness of the importance of tasks, it is necessary to conduct systematic job analysis and continuous education for elderly customized care service manager. In addition, it is necessary to provide education on the job of elderly customized care service so that positive feedback is provided by enhancing the understanding of the job of elderly customized care service manager to other workers in the institution.
Fifth, it is necessary to improve the working conditions of elderly customized care service manager. To this end, it is necessary to support local governments or national governments to support the renovation and repair of facilities of customized care service center for the elderly so that secure convenience facilities that can be used by elderly customized care service manager. In addition, system improvement and a lot of support from local governments should be made so that the institutions to which it belongs can grow.
This study is meaningful in that it provided basic data for improving the quality of customized care for the elderly by finding internal and extrinsic job factors and revealing the mediating effect of emotional labor.