자기개념 명확성이 취업 불안에 미치는 영향: 불확실성에 대한 감내력 부족과 자기반추의 순차적매개효과 = The Relationships between Self-concept Clarity and Job-seeking Anxiety with the Mediating Effects of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Rumination of University Students

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 자기개념 명확성과 취업 불안의 관계에서 불확실성에 대한 감내력 부족과 자기반추의 하위요인인 자책 및 숙고의 순차적 매개효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 4년제 대학교에 재학 중인 고학년 학생 총 318명을 대상으로 자기개념 명확성, 취업 불안, 불확실성에 대한 감내력 부족, 반추적 반응 양식 척도를 사용하여 설문을 실시하였다. 자료 분석을 위해 SPSS 25.0 프로그램을 사용하여 기술 통계 분석, 상관 분석을 실시하였으며, 순차적매개효과의 연구모형 검증을 위해 SPSS Process Macro의 Model 81을 활용하여 분석하였다.
본 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 주요 변인들 간의 관계는 대체로 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 자기개념 명확성과 불확실성에 대한 감내력 부족, 자책, 숙고는 부적인 상관을 나타냈으며, 불확실성에 대한 감내력 부족은 자책 및 숙고, 취업 불안과 정적 상관을 보였다. 취업 불안과의 관계에서는 불확실성에 대한 감내력 부족과 자책이 정적인 상관을 나타낸 반면 숙고의 영향은 유의하지 않았다. 둘째, 자기개념 명확성과 취업 불안의 관계에서 불확실성에 대한 감내력 부족의 부분매개효과가 증명되어 낮은 자기개념의 수준을 갖고 있는 사람은 불확실한 상황을 더욱 견디지 못하게 되므로 높은 취업 불안으로 이어질 수 있음을 밝혀냈다. 셋째, 자기개념 명확성과 취업 불안의 관계에서 자기반추의 하위요인 중 자책의 부분 매개효과가 있음이 증명되었다. 대학생은 취업을 준비하는 과정에서 자기개념이 명료하지 않을수록 심리적 위협감과 불편감을 크게 느끼며 이 과정에서 자기반추의 하위요인 중 자책을 하는 사람들은 부정적인 감정을 자신에게 귀인하게 되므로 취업 불안의 수준이 증가하게 된다. 넷째, 자기개념 명확성과 취업 불안의 관계에서 불확실성에 대한 감내력 부족과 자책이 순차적으로 이어지는 매개효과를 증명하였다. 명료한 자기개념을 갖고 있는 사람은 불확실하고 모호한 상황을 덜 위협적으로 지각하게 되어 자기반추의 하위요인 중 수동적이고 자기비난적인 자책을 하는 수준이 낮아지고 그 결과 취업을 준비하는 과정에서 느끼는 불안이 감소될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 자기개념 명확성과 취업 불안의 관계가 자기반추의 하위요인 중에서도 자책을 통해서 매개될 수 있음을 입증하였다는 점에서 의의가 있으며, 자기반추의 하위요인인 자책과 숙고에 따라 서로 다른 양상을 나타낸다는 것을 세부적으로 증명하였다. 또한 자기반추의 하위요인 중 자책과 연관된 자기개념 명확성이라는 적응적 변인을 밝혔다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 시사점을 제시하고, 제한점 및 후속 연구에 대한 제언을 논의하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sequential mediating effect of self -blame brooding and reflective-pondering, which are sub-factors of rumination and intolerance of uncertainty in the relationship between self-concept clarity and job-seeking Anxiety. For this purpose, A total of 318 participants in 3th and 4th grades from universities completed surveys composed of Self-concept Clarity Scale(SCC), Job-seeking anxiety, Korean-Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (K-IUS-14) and the Korean-Ruminative Response Scale (K-RRS). For data analysis, descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis were performed using the SPSS 25.0 program. To verify the research model of sequential mediating effects, Model 81 of SPSS Process Macro was used for analysis.
The results of this study are as follows. First, the relationship between major variables was found to be generally significant. Self-concept clarity with intolerance of uncertainty, brooding and reflective-pondering, showed negative correlations, and intolerance of uncertainty had a positive correlation with brooding, reflective-pondering and Job-seeking anxiety. In relation to Job-seeking anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty and brooding showed a positive correlation, whereas the effect of reflective-pondering was insignificant. Second, in the relationship between self-concept clarity and Job-seeking anxiety, the partial mediating effect on intolerance of uncertainty has been proven, revealing that people with low levels of self-concept clarity are more unable to tolerate uncertain situations, which can lead to high job anxiety. Third, it was proved that there is a partial mediating effect of brooding among the sub-factors of rumination in the relationship between self-concept clarity and job-seeking anxiety. In the process of preparing for employment, university students feel a greater sense of psychological threat and discomfort as their self-concept is not clear. will do Fourth, in the relationship between self-concept clarity and job-seeking anxiety, the mediating effect of intolerance of uncertainty and brooding sequentially was demonstrated. A person with a clear self-concept perceives uncertain and ambiguous situations as less threatening, and the level of passive and self-blame brooding among the sub-factors of rumination is lowered, and as a result, the anxiety felt in the process of preparing for job-seeking decreases. Therefore, this study was significant in that it proved that the relationship between self-concept clarity and job-seeking anxiety can be mediated through brooding among the sub-factors of rumination, and it showed different patterns depending on brooding and reflective-pondering, which are sub-factors of rumination. It is also significant in that it revealed an adaptive variable of self-concept clarity related to brooding among the sub-factors of rumination. Finally, the implications of this study are presented, and the limitations and suggestions for follow-up studies are discussed.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• I. 서론 01
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 ································································ 01
• 2. 이론적 배경 ·············································································· 09
• 1) 자기개념 명확성 ···································································· 09
• 2) 불확실성에 대한 감내력 부족 ················································· 11
• 3) 자기반추의 하위요인인 자책 및 숙고 ······································ 13
• (1) 자기반추 ··········································································· 13
• (2) 자책 및 숙고 ····································································· 14
• 4) 취업 불안 ·············································································· 16
• 5) 각 변인들 간의 관계 ······························································ 18
• (1) 자기개념 명확성과 불확실성에 대한 감내력 부족 ················· 18
• (2) 자기개념 명확성과 자기반추의 하위요인인 자책 및 숙고 ······ 20
• (3) 자기개념 명확성과 취업 불안 ············································· 21
• (4) 불확실성에 대한 감내력 부족과 자기반추의 하위요인인 자책
• 및 숙고 ············································································· 23
• (5) 불확실성에 대한 감내력 부족과 취업 불안 ··························· 26
• (6) 자기반추의 하위요인인 자책 및 숙고와 취업 불안 ················ 27
• 3. 연구 문제 및 가설 ··································································· 32
• 1) 연구 문제 및 연구 가설 ························································· 32
• 4. 연구 모형 ··············································································· 33
• II. 연구방법 34
• 1. 연구대상 ················································································· 34
• 2. 측정 도구 ··············································································· 35
• 1) 자기개념 명확성(SCCS) ························································· 35
• 2) 취업 불안(Job-seeking Anxiety) ············································· 36
• 3) 불확실성에 대한 감내력 부족(K-IUS-14) ································· 37
• 4) 한국판 반추적 반응양식(K-RRS) ············································ 38
• 3. 연구 절차 ················································································· 39
• 4. 자료 분석 ················································································· 40
• III. 연구결과 41
• 1. 각 변인들의 기술 통계 분석 ····················································· 41
• 2. 신뢰도 분석 ············································································ 42
• 3. 모형 검증을 위한 상관 분석 ····················································· 43
• 4. 연구 가설 검증 ······································································· 44
• 1) 자기개념 명확성이 불확실성에 대한 감내력 부족에 미치는
• 영향··················································································· 44
• 2) 자기개념 명확성과 불확실성에 대한 감내력 부족이 자책에
• 미치는 영향 ······································································· 45
• 3) 자기개념 명확성과 불확실성에 대한 감내력 부족이 숙고에
• 미치는 영향 ······································································· 45
• 4) 자기개념 명확성 및 불확실성에 대한 감내력 부족, 자책,
• 숙고가 취업 불안에 미치는 영향 ········································· 46
• 5) 자기개념 명확성이 취업 불안에 미치는 영향 ·························· 47
• 5. 매개 효과 유의성 ···································································· 50
• 6. 주요 연구가설검증 결과 ··························································· 51
• Ⅳ. 논의 및 제언 53
• 참고문헌 ························································································ 63
• 부록 ······························································································ 89
• Abstract ·························································································· 96