Multi-language computer users experience input language mode confusion (ILMC) when switching between multiple language. This is thought to occur due to a failure to remember or judge the current input language mode. When a user types text in the wrong...
Multi-language computer users experience input language mode confusion (ILMC) when switching between multiple language. This is thought to occur due to a failure to remember or judge the current input language mode. When a user types text in the wrong language, user must correct it through additional mouse operations and re-typing; this is not only annoying but also impairs work productivity by distracting the user.
ILMC problem can be considered a special case of mode confusion problem, which has been studied in the human-automation interaction. Existing studies have studied the effective approaches for addressing mode confusion, and the current study considered solutions based on the designing displays that indicate the current system state.
The existing computer operating systems provide displays showing the current input language mode. However, the existing displays have a limitation that the diaplays are far from the user's eye gaze position. This problem may be addressed by displaying the input language mode in the mouse cursor, as multiple studies have shown that the user's eye gaze floows the location of the mouse cursor.
This study evaluated two input language mode display cursors (MDC) as a potential solution to ILMC: one is the monochrome MDC that displays both Korean and English in the same color, and the other is the color-changing MDC that changes the color of the cursor when the input language mode is English. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the two MDCs in different dimensions of usability. Experiment 1 evaluated the effects of MDCs on ILMC and related typing errors and Experiment 2, on self-reported preference, acceptance and annoyance.
In Experiment 1, 45 participants were divided into three groups, that each performed multi-language typing using an ordinary mouse cursor and the two MDCs. Participants performed the experiment task in four different task conditions. The four task conditions varied in the relationship between the input language modes of the two document windows and duration of visual distraction. As a result, the color-changing MDC was found to significantly reduce ILMC and related typing errors compared to the ordinary mouse cursor (p < .001).
In Experiment 2, 20 participants performed three typical computer tasks using both MDCs. After performing each of the six trials, participants subjectively evaluated the MDC with three user attitude measures: the preference, acceptance, and annoyance ratings. The mean annoyance rating was significantly larger for the color-changing MDC than for the monochrome MDC (p = 0.037).
The results from experiment 1 indicated that the color-changing MDC reduced ILMC significantly. The display design principles of minimum information access costs and redundancy gain explain the observed benefits of the color-changing MDC. Further research is needed to develop and evaluate smart mode displaying mouse and text cursors.