Background: The IBD continuously increased across all over the industrialized societies. Estimated prevalence of IBD was from 3.7 million to more than 6.8 million between 1990 and 2017. Northern Europe especially United Kingdom and America show highes...
Background: The IBD continuously increased across all over the industrialized societies. Estimated prevalence of IBD was from 3.7 million to more than 6.8 million between 1990 and 2017. Northern Europe especially United Kingdom and America show highest incidence of IBD. As a human body being a host of microbes, they attack our body causing an inflammation response and eventually lead to IBD. The cause of IBD is not yet known, but it is presumed to be caused by genetic, immune, and environmental factors. By previous study, pathologically causes of IBD are improper response of a inadequate mucosal immune system, impaired innate immune mechanisms of the epithelia layer, wrongly recognizing antigen, atypical antigen presenting cells, overreactive T cell and environmentally problems like food and stress. But still, it’s lack of explainable in biologically. Needs for studies to understand pathway by discover IBD associated gene function.
Genes associated study for IBD was previously studied from 1981. Many genes related to IBD reacting to several pathway such as barrier function, epithelial restitution, innate immune regulation, autophagy. Well known genes, IL23R and NOD2 regulates immune responses. CDH1, GNA12 and PTPN2 react to barrier integrity. CARD9 integrates signals from many innate immune receptors that recognize viral, bacterial, and fungal motifs. IL-23, IL-6 and IL-17 crucial role in Th17 cell proliferation.
Objective: The aim of this study is to find out associated gene with IBD by using UK BioBank with white population more than 2,000 patients. Also, categorize subgroups in IBD and compared each group gene function and evaluate lab information with candidate genetic loci genotype level.
Methods: In this study, using the UK Biobank genetic and clinical data from 500,000 subjects. Detailed medical data in Hospital Episode Statistical data about diagnosis, General Practice data for drug prescription and Lab data with 67 blood test and biochemistry test results. As a definition of IBD, using ICD code and number of counter visits. For a sensitivity analysis five drugs for treating IBD were used and operation for measuring severity of IBD. After patient selection used their whole exome sequencing data to discover candidate of genetic loci and genes associated with IBD.
Two kind of variant level test were performed. As a frequency level, Cochran Armitage test was used for additive and the other models (allelic, recessive, and dominant) were tested by Fisher’s exact test. In a genotype level used multiple logistic regression adjusted with sex and age. For a sensitivity group, the type of IBD-specific medication and severity were additionally adjusted. As a gene level test which aggregates variants in the same gene were scored by Gene Variant wise Burden test and tested by multiple logistic regression. All candidates were passing adjusted P value under 0.05.
Results: Study groups were diagnosed with ICD 9 and 10 version 2,145 IBD cases, 714 CD cases and 1,431 UC cases and 573 sensitivity IBD cases group. In total, 13 disease-associated loci (4.33ⅹ10^(−8) < P < 1.05ⅹ10^(−6)) were identified in a IBD group. IL23R(Interleukin 23 Receptor), rs11209026 (P = 4.33ⅹ10^(−8); OR 0.63) driving association in both variant-level and gene-level test(P = 1.16ⅹ10^(−8)). IL23R plays critical role in IBD related to protection against the development of CD and UC. CARD9(Caspase Recruitment Domain Family Member 9), rs4077515 (P = 3.54ⅹ10^(−7); OR 1.20) functions in the immune response against microorganisms. Another essential in pathology of IBD is GPX1 (Glutathione Peroxidase 1), rs1050450 (P = 2.46ⅹ10^(−5); OR 1.39). Roles in reduction of oxidase and peroxide. Lastly CFB (Complement Factor B), rs4151651 (P = 3.54ⅹ10^(−7); OR 1.20) is highly upregulated downstream of TLR3(Toll like receptor 3). TLR3 is one of the IBD pathogenesis role in innate immune system. Functional analysis was performed by DAVID tool. As a result, IBD function was clustered most highly in membrane and signal.
Additionally, linear regression was performed as a clinical analysis between IBD patients with CFB (rs4151651) carrier and other clinical traits. IBD patients with CFB carrier was linked with traits as apolipoprotein A, Aspartate aminotransferase, C-reactive protein, HDL cholesterol, potassium in urine, and alanine aminotransferase. CRP levels are used in serum marker of IBD to follow up patient’s inflammation react. In this analysis, when CFB variant has carrier induced highest level of CRP.
Conclusion: The availability of big scale of whole exome sequence data makes possible to insight the contribution of nonsynonymous variants affects into IBD. Moreover, biological function and checking discovered genetic loci’s genotype effect on IBD prognostic trait helps to understand effect size of carrier and non-carrier gene. Comparing each CD and UC associated genes’ function helps to understand functional difference of the two group.