Purpose: Many conventional ex-vivo MRI setups utilize cylindrical or other non-spherical tissue containers which can cause static-field (B0) inhomogeneity affecting the accuracy of the measurements in an orientation-dependent manner. In this work we d...
Purpose: Many conventional ex-vivo MRI setups utilize cylindrical or other non-spherical tissue containers which can cause static-field (B0) inhomogeneity affecting the accuracy of the measurements in an orientation-dependent manner. In this work we demonstrate an experimental method to obtain MRI of ex vivo tissue samples held in a spherical container in order to minimize bulk susceptibility-induced B0 inhomogeneity in arbitrary orientations.
Methods: B0 inhomogeneity caused by tissue-air susceptibility mismatch can be theoretically eliminated if the surface of susceptibility discontinuity is spherical. This situation can be approximated by putting a tissue sample in a spherical shell filled with materials with tissue-like magnetic susceptibility. We achieved this on an intact monkey brain by (i) holding the brain with a 3D-printed holder with tissue-like (within 0.5 ppm) susceptibility, and (ii) enclosing the brain and the holder in an acrylic spherical shell filled with diamagnetic liquid. Furthermore, the sphere and the radio-frequency coil for MRI were mounted on a 3D-printed frame designed to reduce B0 inhomogeneity contributions. The sphere could be rotated freely without disturbing the RF coil to facilitate multi-orientation imaging. We verified our setup by mapping B0 in the monkey brain at 13 different orientations in a human 7T scanner and measuring orientation dependent R2* relaxation
rates in the white and grey matters of the brain. The results were then compared with a setup where the brain was held inside a cylindrical container.
Results: In all orientations, the B0 standard deviation in the brain in the spherical setup (converted to Larmor frequency offset) was less than about 10 Hz. This corresponds to two-sigma deviation of B0 of less than 0.07 ppm. The B0 gradient was less than 9 Hz/mm in 95% of the brain voxels in all orientations. In high-resolution imaging with voxel size < 0.4 mm, this corresponds to voxel line broadening of less than 4 Hz (0.013 ppm). R2* in the corpus callosum showed distinctly different orientation dependence compared to the grey matter. The B0 uniformity and R2* reliability were much reduced in the cylindrical container setup.
Conclusions: We have demonstrated an experimental method to effectively minimize bulk susceptibility-induced B0 perturbation in multi-orientation ex vivo MRI. The method promises to benefit a range of tissue orientation-dependent MR property studies.