This thesis tried to reveal the change in the traits of the Lotus Lantern Festival(Yeondeunghoe) in Korea by utilizing the analysis of ritual theory. Previous researches on Lotus Lantern Festival have some limitations in that they tried to understand ...
This thesis tried to reveal the change in the traits of the Lotus Lantern Festival(Yeondeunghoe) in Korea by utilizing the analysis of ritual theory. Previous researches on Lotus Lantern Festival have some limitations in that they tried to understand it only either in the context of Buddhist-folkloric tradition or in the aspect of the symbolism of the royal authority.
During the Silla period, Sangwon(上院) Lantern Festival was held as the New Year's Lantern Festival. Sangwon Lantern Festival was continuously practiced until the end of the Goryeo Dynasty, including both festive and religious aspects. However, April 8 Lotus Lantern Festival in the Joseon Dynasty, which pursued Confucianism and suppressed Buddhism, was different from the New Year's Lotus Lantern or the February Lotus Lantern of the Goryeo dynasty in many ways. If the Lotus Lantern Festival was practiced at the national level in the Goryeo Dynasty, it was implemented at the individual and family level in the Joseon Dynasty. It can be said, therefore, that Lotus Lantern Festival has been held in two directions, national or individual, and has induced the participation of many people.
I analyzed the Lotus Lantern Festival in terms of a systematic classification of religious ritual theory. Lotus Lantern Festival is a ritual that originated from India and was transmitted via China to Korea. In China, however, the lantern festival was already transformed into an entertaining festival and it had a direct and indirect influence on the Lantern Festival of the Goryeo period.
In order to find the religious traits of the Korean Lotus Lantern Festival, I analyzed how Buddhist scriptures describe the Lotus Lantern Festival. And then before examining the transformation of the traits of the Lotus Lantern Festival, I explored Catherine Bell’s ritualization theory and applied the theory to the ritualization of the Lantern Festival.
And lastly, I analyzed the transformation of the traits of the Lotus Lantern Festival from the Silla period to recent days. Silla had a close relationship with Buddhism. At that time, religion played a secular role. Unlike the Yongdongje(龍童祭) and Cheonmuntaeil Seongsuje(天文太一星宿祭) before Silla, the first Lotus Lantern Festival was held at Hwangnyongsa Temple. The first king Taejo(太祖) of Goryeo, like almost all kings of Silla, continued to pursue Buddhism but chose a different method from Silla for political needs. Unlike Goryeo that revered Buddhism, Joseon suppressed Buddhism and pursued Confucianism. In this context, the Lotus festival in the Joseon period was profoundly transformed. In the modern and contemporary periods, the Japanese colonial ruling and the Korean War provided extraordinary contexts for the Lotus Lantern Festival. Such a long-term transformative process is reflected in the complex traits of the Lotus Lantern Festival of today’s Korea.