The purpose of this study was to develop a method to completely eliminate Escherichia coli O157:H7 from radish and cabbage seeds without affecting germination rates using a high concentration of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas under mild wet heat (60°C a...
The purpose of this study was to develop a method to completely eliminate Escherichia coli O157:H7 from radish and cabbage seeds without affecting germination rates using a high concentration of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas under mild wet heat (60°C and 85% relative humidity [RH]). ClO2 gas was spontaneously vaporized from a solution of 1 N hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium chlorite (NaClO2, 100,000 µg/mL). First, to generate a high concentration (up to 3,000 ppm) of ClO2 gas, the relationship between the HCl-NaClO2 solution volume and concentration of generated ClO2 gas was verified. Different volumes of HCl-NaClO2 solution (0.05–0.35 mL) were added to an airtight container (1.8 L), and after 5 min, the amount of generated ClO2 gas was measured; the HCl-NaClO2 solution volume and concentration of the generated ClO2 gas were found to be highly correlated (R2 = 0.9948). The relational expression (y = 5687x) obtained from the measured values was used to calculate the HCl-NaClO2 solution volumes required to generate ClO2 gas up to 3,000 ppm. Next, the combination treatment of highly concentrated ClO2 gas and mild wet heat (60°C and 85% RH) had no effect on the germination rates of radish and cabbage seeds. After exposing the seeds for up to 120 min to gaseous ClO2 of up to 3,000 ppm at 60°C and 85% RH, the germination rates did not differ significantly from those of untreated control seeds (P > 0.05). Finally, the sterilizing effect of ClO2 gas (1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 ppm) and mild wet heat (60°C and 85% RH) on Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculated on radish or cabbage seeds was confirmed. When the seeds were treated with 1,000 ppm ClO2 gas for up to 120 min, the E. coli O157:H7 inoculated on both seeds (initial population ca. 6.8 and 6.9 log CFU/g, respectively) was significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05) to ca. 2.8 and 1.2 log CFU/g, respectively, although not removed completely. However, after 90 min with 2,000 or 3,000 ppm ClO2 gas, the E. coli O157:H7 population on both seeds was decreased to the extent that it was undetectable even after enrichment. The results of this study provide useful information to develop a method to produce fresh seeds that are safe from foodborne pathogens.