This study aims to examine the effects of the elderly's basic psychological needs, the need for existence, the need for relationships, and the need for growth, on job satisfaction, based on Alderfer's ERG theory among human needs theories. Through thi...
This study aims to examine the effects of the elderly's basic psychological needs, the need for existence, the need for relationships, and the need for growth, on job satisfaction, based on Alderfer's ERG theory among human needs theories. Through this analysis, it was expected that the following policy implications could be presented in implementing the elderly job and social activity support project.
First, through this study, it was found that the need for satisfaction with the economic condition, which is a measuring variable of the need for existence (E), has a significant effect on satisfaction. Accordingly, in order to expand jobs for the elderly with higher economic needs, it is necessary to revitalize the development of joint-participation-type job projects between public institutions and private companies, such as senior internships and business-linked projects. Due to the development of medical care, the age that defines the elderly in the current aging society has already become a mere number. In the past, as a member of the society as a worker providing work in the labor market, which is not a subject of protection in terms of welfare, it is a strong consumer of consumption. Because it is playing a role. In order to realize this concretely, it is necessary to establish a system to enhance the competitiveness of participating companies. Specifically, it is necessary to provide constant support for specialized consulting such as financial, marketing, human resources, and digital transformation management innovation, AI introduction, factory automation, export support, and various practical incentive benefits.
Second, through regression analysis, it was confirmed that among the needs of existence (E), relationship (R), and growth (G), the need of the relationship has the greatest influence on job satisfaction. For the elderly, who have already achieved economic stability through pension benefits and private insurance, their economic needs are inevitably reduced. In addition, other needs such as leisure selection and social relations are on the rise, and social structure changes due to the increase of single households such as the elderly living alone. Therefore, the government needs to implement a balance between market-type jobs centered on economic activities and social activities for the elderly such as no-no care and talent sharing activities.
In addition, efforts are needed to improve the sense of belonging of the elderly. Therefore, even when simple welfare administration services are implemented, it is necessary to implement realistic policies that allow them to eliminate feelings of alienation by forming a lasting relationship with the local community, not just economic support.
Third, it was confirmed that the need for growth (G) has a positive (+) effect on job satisfaction. In this study, in order to measure the need for growth (G), the desire to work for a new job, the interest of the job itself, and the reward of the job itself were used as measurement variables. To apply this in practice, it is necessary to organize and systematize the concept of job suitability in order to develop a job and social activity support project suitable for the elderly.Specifically, a job segmented according to an individual's level of aging should be developed, and specific job characteristics such as motivation and suitability for job selection, and the relationship between job attitude and job behavior need to be subdivided and organized.
In future studies, first, it is necessary to thoroughly verify in the long term through longitudinal studies in order to supplement cross-sectional studies. Second, in order to supplement the limitations of the representativeness of the sample, it is necessary to examine the elderly who did not participate in the job or the elderly who did not intend to participate in the follow-up study. Third, it is necessary to analyze by introducing other related variables besides each component of the ERG theory. In addition to the operational definition of this study, a more generalized and universal discussion can be made by supplementing various other measurement factors corresponding to each desire.