Declaration is a public law act of a private person, and means an act
that produces a public legal effect by the private person notifying the
administrative agency of certain facts, and permission cancels the general
and relative prohibition by law in...
Declaration is a public law act of a private person, and means an act
that produces a public legal effect by the private person notifying the
administrative agency of certain facts, and permission cancels the general
and relative prohibition by law in certain cases. It means an administrative
act that legalizes a certain act.
Regulatory reforms focused on relaxation of regulation were promoted
based on the negative recognition of regulations such as restricting
corporate activities, hindering economic growth, and imposing unnecessary
administrative burdens on the people.
The deregulation from the permit system to the declaration system
aims to guarantee the liberty right as a basic constitutional right and to
shift to the minimum regulation for the administrative agency to grasp and
manage the information necessary for administrative purposes. However, it
was stipulated that the declaration should be received again regarding
specific Declaration procedures, and without acceptance of a Declaration by
the administrative agency, there would be no legal effect on the
declaration.
Declaration is divided into a "Declarations that do not require
acceptance"
152) that takes effect when the Declaration reaches the
administrative agency and a "Declaration requiring acceptance" that takes
effect only after the administrative agency receives it. It is used differently
from the concept, causing confusion in enforcement as well as quarrel
between the public and the administrative agencies over whether or not
acceptance is necessary. Furthermore, unclear declaration regulations can
act as a hindrance to active administration, such as inducing arbitrary
interpretation of laws and regulations, slow processing or refusal of
acceptance by public officials. Therefore, it has led to a decline in the
predictability and reliability of the administration, and the outcome of
regulatory reform is also hard to guarantee.
In order to solve the problem of Declaration requiring acceptance, we
have recently looked at legislative changes such as research on legislative
study, legislative improvements, and administrative basic bills.
First, study on legislative tried to set the criteria for the distinction
between the Declaration and Declaration requiring acceptance. However, it
is not reasonable enough to be a clear and consistent standard for solving
problems since it organizes existing scholars' claims and Supreme Court
precedents, or presents abstract and ambiguous standards such as
"relatively" and "similar to the process of processing permissions."
Legislative improvements tried to decide legislatively whether accepts
are required by these two regulations: regulations that 'notify of the
parties of the acceptance of the declaration within a certain period of time,
or else the declaration shall be deemed to have been accepted.' and
regulations that 'declarations are deemed to have been fulfilled when a
certain declaration arrives at the receiving organization if the declaration
satisfies the formal requirements prescribed in laws and regulations
without defects in the items entered and attached.' However, it is difficult
to expect such legislative improvement to be effective in situations where
there is no clear classification of declaration requiring acceptance and
permission.
The administrative basic bills tried to solve the problem pertaining to
the declaration requiring acceptance by stipulating the legal effectiveness of
the declaration requiring acceptance. But, Article 35 stipulates that in the
case where the law stipulates that acceptance is necessary to a declaration
to notify the administrative agency of certain matters, it will take effect
when declaration is accepted by the administrative agency. It only
stipulates the legal effectiveness of the declaration requiring acceptance,
but it does not clearly define the substance and nature of declaration
requiring acceptance so it is difficult to come up with a fundamental
solution.
Judging from the recent legislative changes related to declarations that
require acceptance, it is hard to believe that legislation and arrangements
regarding declarations that require acceptance are progressing well. It still
causes confusion among the public and public officials.
A new approach to resolving the underlying problem of declaration that
requires acceptances seems to be necessary. Therefore, in this study, we
investigated all legal examples related to declaration requiring acceptance,
and tried to reclassify the original meaning of declaration and permission
based on the realization of basic rights and public interest protection.
After investigating and categorizing all 165 declarations requiring
acceptance, it was possible to categorize them into the first type of clear
declaration(original meaning of declaration), the second type of intermediate
area (existing declaration requiring acceptance) and the third type of clear
permission. Intermediate areas, such as the second type, can be
problematic, but areas that are highly likely to violate the rights of others
through individual and specific judgments can also be classified as first
type of clear declaration.
This reclassification is likely to be one of the measures to solve the
problem of declaration that requires acceptance. However, unless negative
perception of regulations, which is the main reason for continuing
declaration requiring acceptance despite continued problems is improved,
the operation of irregular systems such as declaration requiring acceptance
for deregulation will not be eradicated.