중국축구의 효율적 경기력 향상을 위한 선진국가 벤치마킹 모델 선정 : 자료포락분석의 적용 = Benchmarking model of developed countries for efficient performance of Chinese football : application of data envelopment analysis

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 자료포락분석을 적용하여 중국축구의 효율적 경기력 향상을 위한 선진국가
벤치마킹 모델을 선정하는 것을 목적으로 설계되었다. 이 목적을 위하여 2010년부터 2019
년까지 10년 간 FIFA랭킹 포인트를 종합하여 상위 30개 국가를 중국축구의 벤치마킹 대상
국가로 1차 선택하였다. 선정된 30개 국가의 사회경제적 특성, 프로축구 인프라 특성, 축구
선수의 신체특성, 경기수행 특성을 고려하여 벤치마킹 대상으로 선정하였다. 벤치마킹 대
상의 선정은 자료포락분석(DEA: data envelopment analysis)을 적용하였고, Scheel(2000) 이
개발한 DEA 분석 전용 소프트웨어EMS(Efficiency Measurement System) ver 1.3을 활용하
였다. 연구내용의 첫 번째는 ‘사회경제 특성을 고려한 중국의 축구 벤치마킹 대상국가 선
정’, 두 번째는 ‘프로축구 인프라 특성을 고려한 중국의 축구 벤치마킹 대상국가 선정’, 세
번째는 ‘신체특성을 고려한 중국의 축구 벤치마킹 대상국가 선정’, 네 번째는 ‘경기수행 특성
을 고려한 중국의 축구 벤치마킹 대상국가 선정’으로 정하였다. 이 연구를 통하여 다음과 같은
결론을 도출하였다.첫째, 사회경제 특성을 고려한 경기력 효율성은 Uruguay가 가장 높으며, 사회경제 특성에 비
례하여 축구경기력이 다른 국가보다 효율적이다. 사회경제 특성에 따른 중국의 벤치마
킹 대상국가 역시 Uruguay였다. 사회경제 특성에 따라 중국이 최종적으로 Uruguay를
벤치마킹하기 위해서는 15단계의 과정을 거쳐야 하며, 가장 첫 번째로 벤치마킹해야
하는 국가는 USA이다. 둘째, 프로축구 인프라 특성을 고려한 경기력 효율성은 Wales, Chile, Croatia, Switzerland가 가
장 높았으며, 초효율성 지표에 의한 평가 결과는 Wales가 가장 효율적인 축구경기력을
보유하였다. 프로축구 인프라 특성에 따른 중국의 벤치마킹 대상국가는 Croatia이다. 프
로축구 인프라 특성에 따라 중국이 최종적으로 Croatia를 벤치마킹하기 위해서는 5단
계의 과정을 거쳐야 하며, 가장 첫 번째로 벤치마킹 해야 하는 국가는 USA, Italy,
Poland, Japan이다. 셋째, 신체 특성을 고려한 경기력 효율성은 Mexico, Spain, Brazil, Germany, France, Argentina,
England가 가장 높았으며, 초효율성 지표에 의한 평가 결과는 Mexico가 가장 효율적인
축구경기력을 보유하였다. 프로축구 인프라 특성에 따른 중국의 벤치마킹 대상국가는
France와 Brazil이다. 신체특성에 따라 중국이 최종적으로 France, Brazil을 벤치마킹하기
위해서는 6단계의 과정을 거쳐야 하며, 가장 첫 번째로 벤치마킹 해야 하는 국가는
Austria와 Serbia이다. 넷째, 경기수행 특성을 고려한 경기력 효율성은 England, France, Belgium가 가장 높았으며, 초효율성 지표에 의한 평가 결과는 England가 가장 효율적인 축구경기력을 보유하였
다. 프로축구 인프라 특성에 따른 중국의 벤치마킹 대상국가는 Belgium이다. 경기수행
특성에 따라 중국이 최종적으로 Belgium을 벤치마킹하기 위해서는 8단계의 과정을 거
쳐야 하며, 가장 첫 번째로 벤치마킹 해야 하는 국가는 Morocco이다. 결론적으로 기준(특성)을 어떻게 설정하는가에 따라 다른 벤치마킹 국가가 선정되었다. 이 결과
는 중국축구가 다른 선진국가를 벤치마킹하고자 할 때 중국축구가 처해있는 상황과 보유하고 있는
자원에 적합한 국가를 벤치마킹 대상국가로 선정하여야 한다는 것을 시사한 것이다. 이 연구의 결
과는 향후 중국축구의 성장을 위하여 축구 선진국가를 선택하여 벤치마킹하고자 할 때, 기초자료로
활용될 수 있을 것이며, 사회경제적 자원, 프로축구 인프라, 축구선수 신체특성, 경기수행특성을 반
영하여 중국축구에 적합한 훈련방법의 변화로 이끌 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 이 연구는 폭넓은 관점
에서 중국축구의 발전 방향을 제시하였다는 점에서 중국축구 성장의 원동력이 될 수 있을 것이라
확신한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The study was designed for the purpose of selecting developed country benchmarking
model for the efficient performance improvement of Chinese soccer by applying data
capture analysis. For this purpose, the top 30 countries were selected as the first
countries to be benchmarked in Chinese soccer by compiling FIFA ranking points for
10 years from 2010 to 2019. The targets for benchmarking were selected considering
socioeconomic characteristics of the selected 30 countries, the characteristics of activating
professional soccer, the physical characteristics of soccer players, and the characteristics
of playing matches. Data development analysis (DEA) was applied to the selection of
benchmarking targets and the software Efficiency Measurement System (EMS) ver 1.3
developed by Scheel (2000) was utilized.
The research content was decided as the first 'China's soccer benchmarked country
considering socioeconomic characteristics', the second 'China's soccer benchmarked
country considering professional soccer vitalization characteristics', the third 'China's
soccer benchmarked country considering physical characteristics' and the fourth 'China's
soccer benchmarked country considering the characteristics of the competition performance' and the conclusions of the study were as follows.
First, the performance efficiency considering the socio-economic characteristics is the
highest, and the soccer game is more efficient than other countries in proportion to the
socio-economic characteristics. China's benchmarked country according to its
socio-economic characteristics is Urguay. Depending on the socio-economic
characteristics, China must go through a 15-step process to finally benchmark Urguay,
and the first country to do so is USA.
Second, Wales, Chile, Croatia, and Switzerland had the highest performance efficiency
considering the characteristics of activating professional soccer, and the evaluation result
by the super efficiency index showed that Wales had the most efficient soccer game.
According to the characteristics of activating professional soccer, China's benchmarking
country is Croatia. Depending on the characteristics of pro football activations, China
must go through a five-step process in order to finally benchmark Croatia, and the first
countries to do so are USA, Italy, Poland and Japan.
Third, the performance efficiency considering physical characteristics was highest for
Mexico, Spain, Brazil, Germany, France, Argentina, and England, and the evaluation
result by the super efficiency index showed that Mexico had the most efficient soccer
performance. According to the characteristics of promoting professional soccer, France
and Brazil are the countries that are to be benchmarked. Depending on the physical
characteristics, China must go through a six-step process to finally benchmark France
and Brazil, and the first countries to benchmark are Australia and Serbia.
Fourth, England, France and Belgium had the highest performance efficiency
considering the characteristics of the competition performance, and England had the most
efficient soccer performance as a result of the evaluation by the super efficiency index.
- 65 -
According to the characteristics of activating professional soccer, China's benchmarking
country is Belgium. Depending on the nature of the game, China must go through eight
steps to finally benchmark Belgium, and Morocco is the first country to benchmark.
Consequently, different benchmarking countries were chosen depending on how the
criteria (characteristics) were set. By doing so, it can be seen that when benchmarking
advanced countries, it is necessary to benchmark a country according to its
circumstances and resources, rather than unconditionally benchmarking a country. The
findings from this study are thought to be useful as basic data for the growth of
Chinese soccer. If China considers the results of this study, there will be changes in the
management and training methods of Chinese soccer, further contributing to the growth of Chinese soccer.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서론 ····································································································· 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 ···································································································· 1
• 2. 연구내용 ············································································································ 7
• 3. 연구문제 ············································································································ 9
• 4. 연구의 제한점 ·································································································· 11
• II. 연구방법 ···························································································· 13
• 1. 연구대상 및 자료수집 ······················································································· 13
• 2. 변수선정 ·········································································································· 15
• 1) 사회경제적 특성 ························································································· 16
• 2) 프로축구 인프라 특성 ················································································· 16
• 3) 축구선수 신체특성 ······················································································ 16
• 4) 경기수행 특성 ····························································································· 17
• 3. 자료처리 방법 ·································································································· 19
• III. 연구결과 ··························································································· 23
• 1. 사회경제적 특성을 고려한 중국축구의 벤치마킹 대상국가 ································ 23
• 1) 사회경제적 특성을 고려한 국가별 축구경기력 효율성 ··································· 24
• 2) 사회경제적 특성을 고려한 중국축구의 벤치마킹 대상국가선정 ······················ 25
• 3) 사회경제적 특성을 고려한 중국축구의 단계별 벤치마킹 대상국가 ················· 26
• 2. 프로축구 인프라 특성을 고려한 중국축구의 벤치마킹 대상국가 ·························· 29
• 1) 프로축구 인프라 특성을 고려한 국가별 축구경기력 효율성 ·························· 30
• - ii -
• 2) 프로축구 인프라 특성을 고려한 중국축구의 벤치마킹 대상국가선정 ·············· 31
• 3) 프로축구 인프라 특성을 고려한 중국축구의 단계별 벤치마킹 대상국가 ········· 32
• 3. 축구선수 신체특성을 고려한 중국의 축구 벤치마킹 대상국가 ····························· 34
• 1) 축구선수 신체특성을 고려한 국가별 축구경기력 효율성 ······························· 34
• 2) 축구선수 신체특성을 고려한 중국축구의 벤치마킹 대상국가선정 ·················· 36
• 3) 축구선수 신체특성을 고려한 중국축구의 단계별 벤치마킹 대상국가 ·············· 37
• 4. 축구 경기수행 특성을 고려한 중국의 축구 벤치마킹 대상국가 ··························· 39
• 1) 2018년 러시아 월드컵 참석 32개 국가의 경기수행 특성을 고려한 국가별 축구
• 경기력 효율성 ··························································································· 40
• 2) 경기수행 특성을 고려한 중국축구의 벤치마킹 대상국가 선정 ······················· 41
• 3) 경기수행 특성을 고려한 중국축구의 단계별 벤치마킹 대상국가 ···················· 42
• IV. 논의 ································································································· 44
• V. 결론 ·································································································· 55
• 참고문헌 ································································································ 58
• ABSTRACT ····························································································· 63