Compared with a terrestrial relay system, an aerial relay using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can more easily secure a line of sight (LoS), and the effect of multipath fading is small. In addition, transmission delays associated with aerial relays a...
Compared with a terrestrial relay system, an aerial relay using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can more easily secure a line of sight (LoS), and the effect of multipath fading is small. In addition, transmission delays associated with aerial relays are smaller than delays associated with satellite relays. Moreover, maintenance and operation costs for aerial relays are comparatively quite low. However, the propagation loss due to atmospheric conditions associated with aerial relays is not only very large but also increases more rapidly as the elevation angle decreases. Therefore, when designing a link budget for a datalink system, it is essential to consider propagation loss due to operational environment and available probabilities of the atmospheric conditions.
In conventional common data link (CDL) systems, propagation data and prediction methods for satellite communication are utilized for the analysis of atmospheric propagation loss. However, this method is not suitable for UAV systems operating at low altitudes below the stratosphere.
In this paper, we introduce a prediction model concerning propagation loss for the air-to-ground (A2G) channel of ITU-R P.2041, which is recommended to be used in predicting propagation loss for aviation based on the prediction model for satellite communication. The total propagation loss due to the atmosphere is calculated by combining the predicted propagation loss due to atmospheric gases, rain, clouds, and scintillations according to the available probabilities. We also extend the A2G channel to the air-to-air (A2A) channel in order to analyze coverage according to the altitude of the unmanned aerial relay system, taking into consideration the operating conditions of long distance UAV. Finally, we propose an optimization algorithm using the Euclidean k-center algorithm to maximize the minimum SNR for a relay unmanned aerial vehicle (RUAV) to relay randomly deployed mission unmanned aerial vehicles (MiUAVs). Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional Euclidean k-mean algorithm.