국제결제수단으로서 은행지급확약(BPO)의 활용을 위한 과제에 관한 연구 = A Study on the Tasks for Practical Use of Bank Payment Obligation(BPO) as an International Payment Instrument

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper describes the tasks for activating the use of BPO as a
new international trade settlement system.
The L/C method, which played a major role in the development of
international trade by solving the safety problem between business
operators and importers, is still used as a means of international trade
settlement. However, as the trading environment changed, O/A became
more important as it changed from the seller's market to the buyer's
market and the problem of letter of credit, which is high in safety but
complicated to settlement. Although O/A appears to be very useful as a
means of making trade payments because of its rapid progress in
settlement, low fees and ease of use, there is a significant
disadvantage that the parties to the transaction must bear because
there is no complementary measure to credit, such as a letter of
credit.
The TSU, which was created in 2007 by SWIFT and major banks
around the world according to an attempt to electronicize trade
settlement, was an epochal invention that enabled the simplification of
trade settlement, speed up, business rationalization and cost reduction.
In 2009, the BPO, a new trade settlement system, was added to enable
companies and banks to proceed with settlement by making it easier to
use TSU more easily and complementing problems that they have
raised in the past.
The BPO has simplified trade documents and procedures, and it is a
settlement system that also has safety of exporters and importers. The
development of the BPO is a breakthrough and many banks around the
world have begun to adopt this approach.
Thus, in order to make the utilization of BPO safer and more active,
the ICC established and implemented the URBPO as an international
rule. However, the problem is that it is prescribed from the perspective
of the bank and there is no obligation between the banks, and there is
no provision to arbitrate in the event of a dispute among the parties
to the trade. Banks also secured speed by simplifying documents, but
exposed to the danger of fraud.
As a task of expanding the use of BPO, this paper proposes an
extension of the handling bank and a connection with the supply chain.
Among the reasons why it is difficult for companies to use BPO, I
think the problem is that there are few handling banks. Even if you
want to use it, you cannot activate it unless you have an environment
that is available. In addition, if the electronicization of trade settlement
can be used from the perspective of the trading party to the supply of
goods to the payment through connection with the supply chain, it can
be used more quickly.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 서 론 1
• 제1절 연구 배경 및 목적 1
• 제2절 연구 방법 및 내용 2
• 제2장 은행지급확약의 메커니즘 및 출현배경 4
• 제1절 은행지급확약의 메커니즘 4
• 1. 전자무역 결제 서비스(TSU)의 개념 4
• 2. 전자무역 결제 서비스의 메커니즘 5
• 3. 은행지급확약의 메커니즘 7
• 제2절 은행지급확약의 출현배경 8
• 1. 무역거래의 환경변화 8
• 2. 신용장방식의 문제점 11
• 3. 송금방식의 문제점 12
• 제3절 은행지급확약의 발전과정 14
• 1. 전자무역 결제 서비스의 개발 14
• 2. 은행지급확약의 개발 15
• 3. 은행지급확약 통일규칙의 제정 17
• 제3장 은행지급확약의 장점, 위험 및 활용 현황 21
• 제1절 은행지급확약의 장점 21
• 1. 수출상 측면에서의 장점 21
• 2. 수입상 측면에서의 장점 22
• 3. 은행 측면에서의 장점 24
• 제2절 은행지급확약의 위험 25
• 1. 기업 측면에서의 위험 25
• 2. 은행 측면에서의 위험 26
• 제3절 은행지급확약의 활용 현황 27
• 1. 은행지급확약의 이용 현황 27
• 2. 포페이팅과 은행지급확약의 동시 활용 29
• 3. O/A 거래를 대체한 은행지급확약의 활용 31
• 제4장 은행지급확약의 활용을 위한 과제 33
• 제1절 취급은행의 확대 33
• 제2절 공급망과의 연결 34
• 제5장 결론 37
• 참고문헌 40