The purpose of this study is to classify related variables of risk factors and protective factors for Social Anxiety in children and adolescents according to group of variables related individual, family, and peer, and to analyze their effect sizes co...
The purpose of this study is to classify related variables of risk factors and protective factors for Social Anxiety in children and adolescents according to group of variables related individual, family, and peer, and to analyze their effect sizes comprehensively. To do this, this study is a meta-analysis of 127 studies published in korea between 2002 and 2017 on a topic of risk factors and protection factors for social anxiety in children and adolescents.
First of all, the variables affecting social anxiety of children and adolescents are classified into risk factors and protective factors, and classified into group of variables related individual, family, and peer. After that, this study applied the meta-analysis method and analyzed the effect size and meta-ANOVA in order to identify the risk factors that cause and sustain social anxiety of children and adolescents and the protective factors that prevent and mitigate social anxiety. The results are summarized as follows.
First, the total risk variables affecting the social anxiety of children and adolescents were analyzed separately for each group of variables related individual, family, and peer, and as a result, the effect size of variables related individual was the largest, followed by variables related peer and family. Meanwhile, the total protective variables affecting the social anxiety of children and adolescents were analyzed separately for each group of variables related individual, family, and peer, and as a result, the effect size of variables related individual was the largest, followed by variables related peer and family.
Second, each group of risk variables related individual, family, and peer affecting the social anxiety of children and adolescents were analyzed, and as a result, the group of risk variables related individual showed the large effect size in order of covert narcissism, sensitiveness to rejection, behavioral inhibition, maladaptive emotion regulation, dysfunctional thought, stress, passive stress coping style. And the group of risk variables related individual showed the middle effect size in order of public self-consciousness, external attributional style, maladaptive perfectionism, game addiction, negative body image or eating attitudes. The group of risk variables related family showed the middle effect size in order of parental psychological control, marital conflict, parentification, perfectionism of mother, negative parenting attitude, problematic parent-child communication. The group of risk variables related peer showed the large effect size in order of negative experience with friends, peer-alienation.
Third, each group of protective variables related individual, family, and peer affecting the social anxiety of children and adolescents were analyzed, and as a result, the group of variables related individual showed the large effect size in order of self-acceptance, anxiety control, positive self-concept. And the group of protective variables related individual showed the middle effect size in order of self-differentiation, internal attributional style, overt narcissism, adaptive emotion regulation, active stress coping style, social skills. The group of protective variables related family showed the middle effect size in order of parent attachment, perceived family support, positive parent-child communication, positive parenting attitude. The group of protective variables related peer showed the large effect size in peer relational skills and middle effect size in order of perceived peer support, peer attachment.
Fourth, as a result of the moderating effect test to identify the cause of the high heterogeneity of the effect size of the related variable group in the risk factor and the protective factor, the effect size of the protective variable group related family showed a statistically significant difference according to the age of the study subjects. In other words, the effect size of the protective variable group related family was larger in the elementary school students than in the middle and high school students. In addition, the effect size of the risk variable related peer showed a statistically significant difference according to the measurement tools and the scale type. In other words, the effect size of the risk variable group related peer when measured together with K-SAS-A and performance anxiety subscale was larger than that when the study was carried out only with Korean social anxiety scale for children and adolescents or K-SAS-A. In addition, when the form of the scale measuring social anxiety in children and adolescents was measured by mixing two scales, the effect size of the risk variable group related peer was larger than that of measuring by using only K-SAS-A or Korean social anxiety scale for children and adolescents alone.