The purpose of this paper is to identify the restoration of behavior in Lee Yun Taek’s plays focusing on his three plays Ogu: A Ceremony of Death, The Dummy Bride: A Ceremony of Love, and Problematic Human Yeoun-San. Richard Schechner defines perfor...
The purpose of this paper is to identify the restoration of behavior in Lee Yun Taek’s plays focusing on his three plays Ogu: A Ceremony of Death, The Dummy Bride: A Ceremony of Love, and Problematic Human Yeoun-San. Richard Schechner defines performance as “restored behavior”(1985). According to Schechner, the workshop-rehearsal process exists in the course of behavior being restored. In that process, performers transform not only the real events in the past but also fabricated ones through their mentality and the political, social, and cultural circumstances they are in. Lee Yun Taek himself is involved in performing the restoration of behavior as well. In the production of his plays, he takes a strategy of integrating traditional rituals, folk tales and history in his works.
Lee Yun Taek’s strategy of restoration of behavior is not separate from his theatrical aesthetic. “Deconstruction”, which is his theatrical aesthetic, provides diverse perspectives on the objects and implies a way of performance that leads the audience to think about them critically. The purpose of his theatrical theory, which is ‘to suggest diverse perspectives’, is closely related to the structure of metadrama that is frequently presented in his works.
Lee Yun Taek’s strategy of restoring behavior―the most distinctive characteristics of reenacting past events through the structure of metadrama―suggests that the characters function as the subjects of restoring behavior. In his plays, each character participates in all sorts of ceremonies with his or her own desires and mentality. And the mediation of performance from each of their perspectives influences how it transforms the nature of ceremonies and the characters are influenced by ceremonies as well. They go through the process of ‘separation – transition – reincorporation’ in the course of performing ceremonies. Through the liminal experience from ceremonies, the characters change their view of the world and accept a new form of life.
To examine these features in Lee Yun Taek’s plays, the analysis of each play follows in the chapters II, III, and IV. First of all, the personal traits of the major characters are described in that the characters are established as the major premise for the restoration of behavior by the playwright. It is then followed by the description of how their thinking and circumstances transform the form and semantic network of restored behavior. Furthermore, this study identifies the aspect of liminal experience that the characters go through in the course of performing ceremonies. Finally, the description of how the process of restoring behavior in his plays influences the theatrical experience of the audience follows.
In the case of Ogu: A Ceremony of Death, restoration of exorcism and traditional funeral rites is reached with Seok-chul, an old mother, and her eldest son as the central figures. And the forms of death transformed on the stage successfully convert the mother from the victim of the Japanese colonial era to someone who passes on transcendental values to the next generation. The fact that the mother inherits her legacy to her son provides a dynamic perspective that goes back and forth over the boundary between life and death, and that becomes a driving force that leads to liberated daily lives.
In The Dummy Bride: A Ceremony of Love, the tale of sexual relations with a Buddhist priest is reviewed through the restoration of social drama, popular culture, and the stories of Agi Jangsu (the tale of the Baby Generalissimo). Lee Yun Taek provides the dummy bride’s sexual relations with a Buddhist priest as a measure to solve the problem of fragmentation in the modern society. The Myth of Mother in the play transforms the meaning of sexual relations with a Buddhist priest. The dummy bride’s illicit sexual relations with a priest is the act of reconnecting the broken ties among fragmented human beings and forming a ‘family’. The mechanism of salvation in her transcendental love is revealed through the scene of her resurrection. As her maternal instinct is transferred to people as a form of salvation, it becomes possible for the underprivileged in front of Sindorim station to have genuine and honest relationships.
In Problematic Human Yeoun-San, two rituals of exorcism, court assembly, and the Confucius sacrificial rituals are restored and explicit references to historical texts are made. Through the mediation of traditional ceremonies and historical texts, Lee Yun Taek sheds a new light on the identity of King Yeon-San, who has long been viewed as a tyrant. The exorcism held under King Yeon-San was a mourning ceremony to transform a dead mother from the innocent victim to someone who sacrifices herself. However, this turns into a means to gain power by the surrounding characters. The world in which the Myth of Mother fails could no longer provide transcendental values. Rather, it conveys the fear of the place to the audience and becomes the object of revolution.
The analysis above leads to the conclusion that Lee Yun Taek’s restoration of behavior is rooted in ‘the Myth of Mother’. Traditional ceremonies or fork tales underlying his plays transform into the institution for sharing the Myth that the leading characters have. Lee Yun Taek experiments with the possibility of whether the Myth of Mother would succeed through the interaction between the outer play (i.e., the reality) and the inner play (i.e., the mythical world). When the experiment succeeds, the transcendental values represented as maternal instinct are conveyed to the audience. When the experiment fails, however, chaos and fear are delivered to the audience. In that sense, Lee Yun Taek’s plays function as ‘performance of meta-sacrificial rituals’ that makes the audience charmed by the way of liberated life achieved by the Myth of Mother or terrified by its failure.