모래놀이치료가 조손가정 아동의 불안과 또래관계에 미치는 효과 = The Effect of Sandplay Therapy on Anxiety and Peer Relationship of Children in Grandparent-grandchildren Family

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was conducted to understand the effect of sandplay therapy on reducing anxiety and enhancing peer relationship of children raised by their grandparents. In other words, it aimed to examine if sandplay therapy could reduce anxiety and enhance peer relationship for children raised by their grandparents due to parents' divorce, death, runaway and financial reasons.

The research questions of this study are like following:

1. Can sandplay therapy reduce anxiety of children raised by grandparents?
2. Can sandplay therapy enhance peer relationship of children raised by grandparents?
3. How is the process of sandplay therapy of children raised by grandparents?
For these research questions, we got 30 children raised by grandparents recommended by teachers in charge from six local child centers and three elementary schools in A and B cities of Chungcheongnam-do. Dividing children recommended into an experimental group(15) and control group(15), sandplay therapy was provided to the experimental group. From May to September 2013, total 12 sessions of sandplay therapy were conducted once a week(40 minutes/session). Two sandplay therapists performed individual counseling. In order to verify the effect of the study, we conducted prior-post tests by using State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children(STAIC) and a peer relation test, the translated(by Ma, 1994) version of a questionnaire designed by Petti et al(1988), to understand the reduction of anxiety and enhancement of peer relationship of children raised by grandparents. After the sandplay therapy program, we carried out qualitative analysis by putting together their major psychological expressions, behavioral characteristics, feelings of sand box and stories after looking at the sand box. SPSS 18.0 statistical program was used to analyze the effect of this study. In order to verify reliability of the questionnaire for this survey, Cronbach's α coefficient was calculated.
We conducted t-test to identify homogeneity of the prior test between the experimental and control groups, and also to examine the changes in prior/post tests of the experimental and control groups.

The results of this study are like following.

Regarding the question, 'Can sandplay therapy reduce anxiety of children raised by grandparents?', first, the anxiety of the experimental group was significantly reduced after sandplay therapy while the control group did not show significant differences. It means that sandplay therapy reduces anxiety of children raised by grandparents.
In regard of the question, 'Can sandplay therapy enhance peer relationship of children raised by grandparents?', second, among sub-scales of peer relation test, leadership, stability, competence and cooperation showed statistically significant differences between groups after sandplay therapy while sociality did not show statistically significant differences between groups. It means that sandplay therapy enhances leadership, stability, competence and cooperation in peer relationship of children raised by grandparents while sociality is not enhanced.
Third, the changes in sand box of children raised by grandparents are like following. Through sandplay therapy, they expressed their own unconsciousness, recognized hardship experienced in reality, and freely expressed and relieved internal negative feelings in safe space. They also established positive ego after growing and strengthening it by making sand box. They experience such stimulated in-depth and powerful non-verbal communication with therapists, healing through therapists' containing, and process of psychological reconstruction(Turner, 2005) necessary for development. Through this, their anxiety was reduced and peer relationship was enhanced.
Since the results of this study show that sandplay therapy reduces anxiety and enhances peer relationship of children raised by grandparents, it suggests that sandplay therapy has potential to be used as an effective therapeutic tool.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 표목차
• 논문개요
• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 1
• 2. 연구문제 6
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 7
• 1. 조손가정 7
• 1) 조손가정의 개념 7
• 2) 조손가정 아동의 특성 8
• 2. 조손가정 아동의 불안 10
• 3. 조손가정 아동의 또래관계 13
• 4. 모래놀이치료 16
• 1) 모래놀이치료 16
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 20
• 1. 연구대상 20
• 2. 연구설계 23
• 3. 측정도구 24
• 1) 한국형 소아 상태-특성 불안 척도 (STAIC) 24
• 2) 또래관계 검사 25
• 4. 연구절차 27
• 5. 자료 분석 및 처리 27
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 29
• 1. 양적 분석 29
• 2. 질적 분석 34
• 1) 대상자 아동의 모래상자 사례분석 34
• Ⅴ. 논의 및 결론 55
• 1. 요약 및 논의 55
• 2. 연구의 제한점 및 제언 58
• 참고문헌 60
• 부 록 67
• ABSTRACT 88