The present study was to develop and validate the Threefold Study Scale and to verify the Effect of Threefold Study practice program. Based on the Principal Doctrine of Won-Buddhism, conceptual and operational definition of Threefold Study were attemp...
The present study was to develop and validate the Threefold Study Scale and to verify the Effect of Threefold Study practice program. Based on the Principal Doctrine of Won-Buddhism, conceptual and operational definition of Threefold Study were attempted. The Threefold Study is capabilities of human minds, Cultivating the Spirits (chŏngsin suyang, 정신수양), Inquiry into Human Affairs and Universal Principles (sa ri yŏn’gu, 사리연구), Choice in Action (Chagŏp Ch’wisa, 작업취사). Chŏngsin suyang (정신수양) refers to nourishing spirit which is clear awareness and attention-concentration. Ssa ri yŏn’gu (사리연구) is inquiry that questions and answers into Human Affairs and Universal Principles. Chagŏp Ch’wisa (작업취사) means ethical and altruistic practice that benefits other people, community, and whole world, including oneself. Chŏngsin suyang is a prerequisite for Ssa ri yŏn’gu (사리연구) and Chŏngsin suyang and Ssa ri
yŏn’gu are then required for proper Chagŏp Ch’wisa (작업취사)
In Study 1 three different methods were used to validate Threefold Study Scale. First, Investigative factor analysis for developing Threefold Study Scale, second, Confirmatory factor analysis and three, test-retest reliability analysis. Investigative factor analysis revealed three factors. Study 2 was Confirmatory factor analysis. Study 3 was convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity analysis and correlation analysis between Threefold Study Scale and mental health. Investigative factor analysis resulted in developing the final Threefold Study Scale of 16 items, which were derived from 3 different factors, each with 5-6 items respectively. The overall reliability (cron-bach α) of the Scale was .88 and the reliability for 3 sub-factors showed .70 to .90. The test-retest reliability was .92. Confirmatory factor analysis showed reasonable fit index, TLI .90, CFI .92 and RMSEA .074 for 3 factor structure of Threefold Study Scale. Convergent validity with The practice of Won-Buddhism Q-set and Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (K-CAMS-R) was verified with.83, .73 correlation coefficient. Threefold Study Scale was partial discriminated from Private Self-Consciousness Scale. Threefold Study Scale related or showed high relationship to Spiritual Well-being, Satisfaction with Life, Positive Affect. Threefold Study was not related or showed low relationship to emotional exhaustion, negative affect, clinging. Threefold Study Scale reliably predicted psychological symptoms such as depression and anxiety.
Study 2 was to develop group Threefold Study practice program, verify the effect of the program, and test if Threefold Study are the medium factors that affect the effectiveness of the program. In order to develop Threefold Study practice program, previous Threefold Study practice programs were examine. After conducting extensive professional interviews, component and content of the program were developed by first conducting preliminary study, revising the program, and then choosing final program.
The final group contained 16 Won Buddhism practitioners, 18 counseling and mental physical healing practitioners, 9 and 11 general public. A total of 54 people participated in four experimental groups. For control group, 14 middle-aged females participated in 8 weeks total and the session are weekly 150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes).
The data was analyzed using MANCOVA (multi-variate analysis of covariance), with the PASW 18.0, for process estimate Threefold Study and effect estimate (spirituality, acceptance action, satisfaction with Life, life Satisfaction Expectancy, psychological Burnout).
The results were then compared to the experimental group using pre-test and post-test. Threefold study, spirituality, acceptance action, satisfaction with life, life satisfaction expectancy all have increased significantly three weeks follow up, maintained or increased in the score. Psychological Burnout significantly decreased in the post-test after three weeks follow up by reducing scores.
After examining medium factors to find out the psychological mechanism which explains the effect within groups in the program, the hypothesis of the study was validated. The threefold study would be mediator variables of the program.
Finally summary and discussion of the results were followed and mentioned the need to further study and limitations of this study.