북한이탈주민의 정착과정에서 사회통합에 관한 연구 : 전라북도를 중심으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

A Study on North Korean Refugees' Social Integration in the Process of Settlement in South Korea
- The Case of the North Jeolla Province -

Seo Nan-Yi
Department of Political Science
The Graduate School of Chonbuk National University

As North Korean refugees settling in South Korea have increased, it becomes a notable social issue that they considerably suffer from alineation caused by cultural difference. Regarding this issue, many policies and studies pinpoint their 'settlement' and the significance for their prompt settlement is how early they can be melted into the South Korean society. Accordingly, the current studies on North Korean refugees should focus on social integration. Particularly, now that each province has its own cultural background, local policies have to be required in order for North Korean refugees to enhance their understanding this cultural characteristic and their assimilation with the local society.
The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze the followings.
First, why do North Korean Refugees choose the North Jeolla province as a resident place and what are the gaps between policies and realty for their settlement?
Second, are there any particular factors to hinder integration among North Korean refugees, local people in the North Jeolla province and the local government?
Third, this study is to explore and compare the required programs and actually practiced ones for North Korean refugees' settlement in the province and to find alternatives. For this, literature review, interviews and questionnaire surveys have been carried out.
The result is as follows:
First, the main reason of the North Korean refugees' choosing the province is determined by a residential lot system. The province lacks industrial facilities and jobs are created mainly by agricultural industry. Yet, they shirk agricultural jobs, which depends on their propensity to evade hard labor and to prefer service industry and the different between the agricultural systems of the two Koreas.
Second, North Korean refugees, the local people and the local government show low mutual comprehension but high expectation. The South Korean government has estimated that on the condition of an economic foundation, they would attain better adaptation than marriage immigrants and foreign workers. It is the reality, however, that they are difficulty in overcoming linguistic and cultural difference. This mutual difference in expectation and stance is a significant factor to discourage social integration and in response, positive programs to solve this drawback should be established by the local government. In addition, mid and long term policies instead of isolated ones have to be prepared.
Last, the priority of programs or projects for North Korean refugees' local settlement must be given to the agenda, such as 'job creation' and 'local society adaptation.' The stable employment rate for the refugees is remarkably low although the aim of 'settlement' is economic self-reliance. Together with developing the adaptation programs, the bringing up of experts with opulent appreciation of the refugees is necessary.
North Korean refugees in South Korea will play a role of a bridge for the two Koreas in the unification era. Regarding the German unification, the most refractory problem was social integration. It is North Korean refugees living in the North Jeolla province who will foster some exchanges between the province and particular provinces of North Korea in the post-unification period.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 1
• 2. 기존 연구 검토 3
• 3. 연구 문제 및 방법 7
• Ⅱ. 북한이탈주민의 정착지원 제도 10
• 1. 정착지원 제도 10
• 2. 정착지원금 현황 12
• Ⅲ. 전라북도 거주 북한이탈주민의 정착 실태 분석 15
• 1. 조사배경과 절차 15
• 2. 조사결과 18
• 3. 조사결과 분석 31
• Ⅳ. 수요자 중심의 사업과 전라북도 사례 43
• 1. 수요자 중심의 북한이탈주민 지원 사업 43
• 2. 전라북도의 사례 45
• Ⅴ. 지원정책의 방향 51
• 1. 정착지역의 특수성을 고려한 지원방안 51
• 2. 상호간 인정을 통한 사회융화 55
• Ⅵ. 결론 58
• 참고문헌 61
• 부록 66