치유의 숲과 이용객의 특성이 심리적 회복감에 미치는 영향 : 심리태도·사회경제적 특성과 이용특성을 중심으로 = The Influence of Healing Forest and Users' Characteristics on Their Restorative outcome

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study has the following purposes with the subjects of healing forests that have been formed and operated currently and healing forest users.
First, it is to examine the correlation of users’ psychological attitude to nature, socio-economic characteristics, and user characteristics with psychological restorativeness they feel from the healing forests.
Second, it is to examine the correlation between the environment of healing forests changing by the location and season and users’ psychological recovery.
Third, it is to provide foundational data needed to develop forest therapy programs appropriate for the characteristics of healing forests such as users’ demographic characteristics, user characteristics, season and location, and trees and altitude.
As the subjects of research, this paper chose three healing forests (Saneum, Mt. Cheongtae, Jangseong) and Sambong Natural Recreation Forest being operated as a long-stay healing forest by way of showing an example, and conducted a four-season survey to the users.
As the measurement tools, New Environmental Paradigm Scale and Korean-edition PRS (Perceived Restorativeness Scale) were utilized. And statistical analysis was performed to 1562 questionnaire sheets collected by SPSS 18.

The result of this research is as below:
A. There was significant correlation between users’ psychological attitude to nature and psychological Restorativeness.
Although there existed correlation in the coherence, being away, and compatibility factors among the users’ NEP and PRS factors, there was no correlation with the familiarity factor.
Therefore, it is thought that users’ psychological attitude to nature has significant influence on psychological recovery; thus, when forming the environment of healing forests, operating forest therapy programs, or providing other services, it is needed to provide users with nature as it is rather than forming the environment artificially.
Also, because along with the users’ psychological attitude to nature, psychological recovery also increases, it is needed to provide education to improve their ecological understanding of nature before they visit the forests or forest therapy programs are conducted in order to induce change in their attitude to nature.

B. Regarding the users’ psychological recovery by the location of the healing forests, there was difference only in some of the factors. And according to the season, there existed difference in their psychological recovery in the healing forests.
Therefore, in order to enhance users’ psychological restorativeness, it is needed to develop forest therapy programs right for the season to provide them to the users. When forest therapy programs are conducted in a healing forest, those that can enhance psychological restorativeness in spring and autumn rather than winter and summer would be better.

C. According to the result of verifying the difference of psychological restorativeness by the healing forest users’ socio-economic characteristics, there existed difference partially, but none as a whole.
This result implies that when forming or managing the facilities or views of healing forests or operating forest healing programs, it is needed to be corresponding to the age, occupation, marital status, or income level instead of differentiating it by sex.

D. There was no difference in psychological restorativeness according to the user characteristics such as the healing forest users’ frequency of visiting the healing forests, previous visiting experience, or the types of visiting.

This result shows that healing forests affect psychological restorativeness regardless of the users’ user characteristics; therefore, when forming the facilities or views of healing forests or managing and operating them, they can refer to the users’ user characteristics but do not have to consider them necessarily.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서 론 1
• 1. 연구배경 및 필요성 1
• 2. 연구의 목적 5
• 3. 연구의 가설 6
• II. 이론적 배경 7
• 1. 자연에 대한 심리태도 7
• 2. 회복환경 8
• 3. 산림치유 관련 이론 12
• 가. 스트레스 회복 이론 13
• 나. 주의회복 이론 14
• 다. 사바나 이론 14
• 라. 바이오필리아 가설 15
• 마. 분석심리학의 집단무의식 16
• 바. 후성유전학 17
• 사. 생리인류학적 이론 18
• 4. 연구사 19
• 가. 산림치유에 관한 국내외 연구 동향 19
• 나. 치유의 숲 현황 27
• 다. 신환경 페러다임 척도에 관한 연구 31
• 라. 회복환경지각 척도에 관한 연구 34
• III. 연구방법 38
• 1. 연구 범위 38
• 가. 시간적 범위 38
• 나. 공간적 범위 38
• 다. 내용적 범위 39
• 2. 측정도구 40
• 가. 신환경 페러다임 척도 40
• 나. 회복환경지각 척도 40
• 3. 자료수집 및 분석 41
• 4. 연구대상지의 특성 43
• 가. 청태산 치유의 숲 45
• 나. 삼봉 자연휴양림 46
• 다. 산음 치유의 숲 47
• 라. 장성 치유의 숲 50
• IV. 결과 및 고찰 52
• 1. 연구대상지 특성 비교 52
• 2. 이용객 특성 53
• 가. 이용객의 사회·경제적 특성 53
• 나. 이용특성 55
• 3. 자연에 대한 심리태도 분석 결과 56
• 가. 전체 이용객의 자연에 대한 심리태도 분석 결과 57
• 나. 장소별 이용객의 자연에 대한 심리태도 분석 결과 58
• 다. 계절별 이용객의 자연에 대한 심리태도 분석 결과 60
• 4. 심리적 회복감 분석 결과 63
• 가. 전체 이용객의 심리적 회복감 분석 결과 63
• 나. 치유의 숲별 이용객의 심리적 회복감 분석 결과 65
• 다. 계절별 이용객의 심리적 회복감 분석 결과 68
• 라. 치유의 숲별 계절별 이용객의 심리적 회복감 분석 결과 71
• 마. 이용객의 심리적 회복감 요인 분석 결과 72
• 바. 요인별 심리적 회복감 분석 결과 75
• 5. 가설검증 78
• 가. 가설 1 검증 78
• 나. 가설 2 검증 83
• 다. 가설 3 검증 86
• 라. 가설 4 검증 90
• V. 결론 및 제언 93
• 1. 결 론 93
• 2. 제 언 97
• Ⅵ. 참고문헌 99
• 부록 1: 설문지 116
• 부록 2: 치유의 숲 개념 120