The purpose of this research is to study the structural relationships in parents' emotion-related socialization behaviors, children's emotion regulation and resilience on children's preschool adjustment. Also, this study verifies the intermediate role...
The purpose of this research is to study the structural relationships in parents' emotion-related socialization behaviors, children's emotion regulation and resilience on children's preschool adjustment. Also, this study verifies the intermediate role of children's emotion regulation between parents' emotion-related socialization behaviors and resilience on children's preschool adjustment.
This paper addresses those research questions that follow.
1. Is there any distinction between mothers and fathers of emotion-related socialization behaviors?
2. What is the correlation among parents' emotion-related socialization behaviors, children's emotion regulation and resilience on children's preschool adjustment?
3. How is the structural relation in parents' emotion-related socialization behaviors, children's emotion regulation and resilience on children's preschool adjustment?
4. How is the effect as an intermediate role of children's emotion regulation between parents' emotion-related socialization behaviors and resilience on children's preschool adjustment?
This study was conducted by a survey. We had 713 participants who are parents with children ages 3~5 years old or teachers teaching students around that age. For the study, four measurements were utilized. Parents' emotion-related socialization behaviors include the sub-factors of ‘parents’ emotional expression’ and ‘parents’ response toward children’s negative emotion.' To estimate parents’ emotional expressions, the simplified version of Self-Expressiveness in the Family Questionnaire (SEFQ) invented by Halberstadt, Cassidy, Stifter, Parke and Fox (1995); Short Form of the SEFQ adapted and modified by Eun-jin, Yeo (2009) was introduced. Also, to measure parents’ response toward children’s negative emotion we used Hee-jung, Kim’s revised model (1995) of Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale (CCNES) developed by Fabes, Eisenberg and Bernzwing (1990). Moreover, we adapted the Teacher-Report Measure refined by Ji-yun, Kim (2007). It is developed from ERC (Emotion Regulation Checklist) provided by Shields and Cicchetti (1997) to assess children's emotion regulation. Lastly, we applied Jae-yeon, Oh (2006)’s Teacher-Report Measure which was a revised form of PBQ (Preschool Behavior Questionnaire) produced by Behar and Stringfield (1974).
For data analysis, we conducted a T-test to examine the difference between mothers and fathers of emotion-related socialization behaviors. We calculated Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient to figure out the correlation in parents' emotion-related socialization behaviors, children's emotion regulation and resilience on children's preschool adjustment. We studied the selected structural equating model to see the structural relation in parents' emotion-related socialization behaviors, children's emotion regulation and resilience on children's preschool adjustment. We analyzed direct effects, indirect effects and total effects by conducting the Bootstrap Test to know the effect as an intermediate role of children's emotion regulation between parents' emotion-related socialization behaviors and resilience on children's preschool adjustment.
The results through this research show as follows:
First, statistically there is significant difference between the emotional expression of mothers and fathers in parents' emotion-related socialization behaviors. However, there was no meaningful difference about parents’ response toward children’s negative emotion.
Second, there is a very critical correlation in parents' emotion-related socialization behaviors and children's emotion regulation, also in children's emotion regulation and resilience on children's preschool adjustment. Between parents' emotion-related socialization behaviors and resilience on children's preschool adjustment, it turns out that there is partial correlation.
Third, the sub-factors of mothers’ emotion-related socialization behaviors such as positive emotional expression, negative emotional expression and unsupportive response affect children's emotion regulation directly. The sub-factors of fathers’ emotion-related socialization behaviors such as negative emotional expression, supportive response affect children's emotion regulation directly.
Parents' emotion-related socialization behaviors do not influence on resilience on children's preschool adjustment directly. However, the sub-factors of mothers’ emotion-related socialization behaviors such as positive emotional expression, negative emotional expression and unsupportive response affect on resilience on children's preschool adjustment indirectly, and the sub-factors of fathers’ emotion-related socialization behaviors such as negative emotional expression, supportive response affect on resilience on children's preschool adjustment indirectly as well.
It shows that children's emotion regulation has direct effects on resilience on children's preschool adjustment. When children have higher levels of emotion regulation, they tend to have less behavior problems and higher level of adaptability.
Fourth, children's emotion regulation has the partial role as an intermediation in the relationship between the sub-factors of mothers’ emotion-related socialization behaviors such as positive emotional expression, negative emotional expression and unsupportive response and resilience on children's preschool adjustment and also between the sub-factors of fathers’ emotion-related socialization behaviors such as negative emotional expression, supportive response and resilience on children's preschool adjustment. In other words, mothers’ positive emotional expression, negative emotional expression and unsupportive response, and fathers’ negative emotional expression, supportive response, they affect on resilience on children's preschool adjustment by children's emotion regulation.